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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Disinfectant
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agent for destroying pathogens on inanimate objects
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Antiseptic
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prevention of infection on living tissue
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Antisepsis
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destroying of pathogens on living tissue
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Bactericidal
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kills microorganisms
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Bacteriostatic
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prevents further growh/division of microorganisms
*chloramphenicol |
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Aseptic
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free of contamination
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Degerm
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removal of microorganisms from a surface
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Phenolic compounds
what does it do?, 1 example |
- denatures proteins
- reduces surface tension Examples: Hexylresorcinol (sucrets) - cresols: derivatives of phenols that are safer and more germicidal |
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Hexylresorcinol
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phenolic compound
SUCRETS |
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Cresols
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phenol derivative
safer to use more germicidal |
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Bisphenols (3 examples)
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two phenols
- Hexachlorophene in pHisohex: popular but gave brain damage - Orthophenyl phenol in Lysol - Trichlosan: broad specturm antimicrobial in soap, toothpaste, sponges, plastics |
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Chlorine
what is it used for? why? how is it effective? 3 examples |
Halogen: 7 e's
inexpensive, used in water supply get rid of microbes expect spores -changes membrane structure: leakage -strong oxidizing agent: inactivates enzymes - sodium hypochlorite 5% household bleach Calciumhypochlorite: chlorinated lime for pools Chloramines: organic compounds that have Cl, more stable than hypochlorite |
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Iodine
2 examples, what does it do? |
better than Cl
-tincture of iodine 2% iodine/NaI in EtOH Iodophors (betadine): iodine/detergent complexes which release iodine over long period of time - halogenates tyrosine on proteins |
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Heavy metals
What do they react with? 4 examples |
Hg, Cu, Ag
react with -SH damages enzymes: cystine and methianine AgNO3 drops for N. gonorrheae CuSO4: fungicide and algicide Hg: effective for microbes but bad for host SeleniumBromide: fungicide found in shampoo |
cystine and methianine
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Alcohols
What do they do? which concentration is more effective? 3 examples |
denatures proteins and dissolve lipids
70% more effective than 100% - need water for coagulation of proteins and penetrates beter -Isopropanol- high bactericidal - Ethanol- effective against vegetative cells ESPECIALLY MYCOBACTERIA, but not spores - methanol: too toxic...carcinogenic |
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Ethylene Oxide
used for what and how? problems? |
used in hospitals to sterilize
cross links with nucleic acids and proteins penetrates packing material: plastics, heat sensitive material bad: highly explosive and toxic, need aeration |
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H2O2
how is it effective? |
catalase in living tissues, break down to water and oxygen
- bubbling removes microbes - superoxide radical of oxygen formed - toxic to microbes -oxygen inhibits growth of anaerobic organisms |
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Soaps and anionic detergents
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soaps: KOH or NaOH combined with fatty acids
- soap kills microbes with alkaline pH 8 - degerms skin surface: emulsify particles and oil and reduce surface tension - anionic detergents useful as laundry products - negatively charged bacteria repel negatively charged detergents |
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Cationic detergents
also called? it effects what? and how? what is it made out of? |
also called QUATS
- bacteriostatic (esp. G+) - dissove lipids in cell membranes - NH4Cl w/ organic radicals and at least one long chain alkyl group |
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Regulation of Chemical Control
who regulates disinfectants and antiseptics? |
EPA (environmental protection agency): disinfectants
FDA: antiseptics |
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Phenol coefficient
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number rates agent in comparison to phenol
>1, better <1, worse -mix dilutions of phenol or test agent with cultures: Staphylococcus aureus or Salmonella typhi - subcultured every 5' for 2 days - dilutions that kill after 10' but not 5' used for PC |
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Use Dilution Test
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-current standard of analytical chemist
stainless steel cylinder dipped in: - salmonella choleraesuis - staph. aureus - pseudomonas aeruginosa cylinder dried and dunked in test agent for 10' effective: no growth, ineff: growth |
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Hexachlorophene is a:
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bisphenol; in pHisohex: popular but gave brain damage
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Ortho-phenyl phenol is:
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bisphenol; in Lysol
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Trichlosan is a:
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bisphenol; broad spectrum used in soap, toothpaste, plastics, sponges
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