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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anabolism |
synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy -uses ATP as well as reducing power in the form of NADPH |
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precursor metabolites |
fructose 6-P Pyruvate Oxaloacetate |
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calvin cycle |
anabolic pathway for fixing CO2 into carbohydrate -dark reactions of photosynthesis -energy demanding -chloroplasts-plants -cytoplasm-bacteria -crucial to life, provides organic matter for heterotrophs |
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carboxylation phase reduction phase regeneration phase |
phases in calvin cycle (3) |
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carboxylation phase |
phase of calvin cycle that occurs in carboxysomes |
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reduction phase |
phase in calvin cycle that is a reverse of 2 key reactions in glycolysis |
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regeneration phase |
phase in calvin cycle where numerous carbohydrates are produced |
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18 ATPs |
what energy is used to make glucose??? how many ???? bitch. |
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reductive TCA cycle |
reversal of TCA cycle -CO2 is fixed |
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gluconeogenesis |
reversal of glycolysis -synthesis of glucose -animals, plants, fungi, bacteria -humans to maintain blood glucose levels -requires ATP and GTP -4 unique enzymes |
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DNA replication transcription translation |
process of genetic information flow |
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gene |
functional unit of genetic information |
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genome |
all genetic material in cell or virus -bacterial ____ usually consist of one DNA chromosomes...sometimes more |
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genotype |
specific set of genes carried in genome |
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phenotype |
set of observable characteristics |
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promoter |
where RNA pol binds to begin transcription |
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operator |
where repressor proteins bind to block transcription |
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operon |
cluster of genes co-transcribed from a common promoter |
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purines |
A and G |
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pyrimidines |
C and T |
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2H |
A with T |
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3H |
C with G |
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phosphodiester bond |
each strand of deoxynucleotides connected by this type of bond |
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hydrogen bonds |
hold the two stands together |
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kilobase |
1000 basepairs |
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mycoplasma |
one of smallest genomes -580 kb -encodes 480 proteins |
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E. Coli |
4640kb |
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tRNA |
carries amino acids during protein synthesis |
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rRNA |
components of ribosomes |
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mRNA |
template for protein synthesis |
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RNA |
ribose -uracil -usually single stranded |
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prokaryotic DNA |
-usually closed, circular, supercoiled molecule -bacteria pack their DNA into loops or domains, called the nucleoid |
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Eukaryotic DNA |
linear, wrap their DNA around proteins called histomes -genes in human genome interrupted by introns |
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nucleosome |
DNA wrapped around histomes |
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Archea DNA |
circular chromosomes with histones |
