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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lichens
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-a mutualistic interaction between a phototroph (algae or cyanobacteria) and a fungus
-phototroph provides fixed C and N -fungi provides anchoring to surface, inorganic nutrients, protection from radiation/dehydration -colonization of harsh env |
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Symbiotic N Fixation
(Rhizobia & Rhizobium spp) |
-mutualism with legumious plants
-plant gets N2 -bacterium gets protection, low O2 env, & energy source -very very species specific |
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Nodules (Rhizobia & Rhizobium spp)
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contain many bacteroids that fix N
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Nitrogenase & Leghemoglobin
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-breaks triple bond between N2
-produced by plant, controls O2 levels in bacteriod -plant provides sources of e- for both energy & N2 reduction |
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Parasitic Interaction
(Agrobacterium & Crown Gall Disease) |
-formation of callus (crown gall/tumor) by induction of uncontrolled plant cell growth
-induced by transfer of DNA from bacterium to plant -production of specific bacterial growth substrates -compounds produced by plants wounds induce virulence |
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Agrobacterium & Crown Gall Disease
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-T-DNA is transferred into plant
-induction of plant cell growth by Onc (plant hormone) -production of opines by tumor (amino acid substrates) -agrobacterium feeds on opines |
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Mycorrhizae: "Root Fungi"
Synergistic Relationship |
-expand root system of plant
-incr water and inorganic nutr absorption -synergistic: both can grow separately -fungus obtains C substrates -plant gets improved nutrition, protection against pathogens & incr diversity |
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Ecto vs, Endo- Mycorrhizae
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ecto: fungi hyphae don't enter into cell; form a "coat" over cell
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What Does Our Microbiome Contribute to Us?
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-food digestion (polymeric sugar dig.)
-guiding human metabolism toward better health (maturation of the colon, challenging immune system, protection from pathogens) -direct connection to obesity *10 microbes/1 human cell= 10^14 microbes per person? |
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GRAM POSITIVE
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which gram has more peptidoglycan?
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Hawaiin Bobtail Squid
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-eyprmna scolopes & aliviibrio fischeri in a light organ mutualism
-animal: nutrients, propagation -bacterium: light, camouflage |
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Hawaiin Bobtail Squid (Colonization)
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-peptidoglycan
-mucus (NO) -gram (-) aggregation -A. fischeri migration -flagellum loss -light organ morphogenesis -maintenance of a continuous culture for both animal and bacterium |
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Microbial Bioremediation
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-the use of microbial processed to clean up env contamination
-metal transformations (metal recovery; mercury detoxification) -biodegradation of organic compounds (petroleum, xenobiotics) |
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Xenobiotic
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-compounds with no natural homologs
-a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it |
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Mercury Transformation
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-accumulation of methylmercury in aquatic biota
-merc resistance results in reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) = detoxification |
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Petroleum Degradation
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petroleum: organic Hydro C's devoid of O2
-attaked by oxygenases -addition of inorganic nutrients to oil spills -problem in oil industry : clogging and corrosion |
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Xenobiotic Biodegradation
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-by reductive dechlorination (anaerobic) OR BY
-oxidation (aerobic) |
