Microbio Exam 1

Front 1

T/F:
All micro organisms are infectious.

Back 1

False
Only a small fraction of microbes are infectious.

Front 2

The mechanisms of __________ are the means and ways of microbes to cause pathology or damage.

Back 2

The mechanisms of _pathogenicity_ are the means and ways of microbes to cause pathology or damage.

Front 3

What is made from pieces of actual organism to build up immunity from future invasions of that organism?

Back 3

Vaccines

Front 4

What is the definition of viralence factor?

Back 4

The means available for microorganisms to cause disease via toxin, attachment devices, enzymes, etc.

Front 5

What are two examples as listed in the notes or diseases caused by disturbed immune systems?

Back 5

Allegies and autoimmunity

Front 6

When the immune system responds to innocous material (nonhazardous)you are having what type of reaction?

Back 6

Allergic

Front 7

Multiple schlerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases caused by the body attacking its own immune system is known as what types of diseases?

Back 7

Autoimmunity

Front 8

Graft rejection is an immune response to what type of tissue?

Back 8

Transplanted

Front 9

T/F:
Issues with T-cells, B-cells, complementary, or phagocytic cells that result in defects of the immune response is known as immunodeficiencies.

Back 9

True

Front 10

What are two examples given in lecture of manipulation of immunity to treat disease?

Back 10

Immunosuppression and immunoregulation

Front 11

T/F:
Manipulation of immunity to treat disease by immunotherapeutic interventions is known as immunosuppression.

Back 11

False
Immunoregulation

Front 12

What is the first line of defense of the immune response?

Back 12

The skin and mucous membrane

Front 13

A secondary infection can be caused by certain viral organisms because they inhibit what structure involved in the 1st line of defense?

Back 13

Mucocillary escalator

Front 14

Rapidly regenerating surfaces, peristaltic movements, mucociliary escalation, vomiting, flow of urine/tears, and coughing are all characteristics of what immune defense?

Back 14

The first line of defense

Front 15

What 3 materials in the second line of immune defense are responsible for killing cells?

Back 15

Complement proteins, phagocytic cells, and NK (natural killer) cells

Front 16

T/F:
Commensal organisms are the normal population of bacteria in the body.

Back 16

True

Front 17

What are the two components of the 2nd line of immune defense?

Back 17

Cellular and humoral

Front 18

Lysosomes, sebaceous/mucous secretions, stomach acid, commensal organisms, complement proteins, phagocytosis, and NK cells are all components in what line of immune defense?

Back 18

The 2nd line of defense

Front 19

T/F:
In the 3rd line of defense, cellular and humoral defences such as antibodies, cytokines, T- helper cells, and cytotoxic T- cells are present in the immune response.

Back 19

True

Front 20

What are the two types of immunity?

Back 20

Innate and Acquired (adaptive)

Front 21

What is the name for pathology that comes from the immune system itself that damages tissue, oppose to pathology from a bacteria?

Back 21

Immunopathiology

Front 22

Out of the 3 lines of defense, which are generally present in innate immunity?

Back 22

The 1st and 2nd

Front 23

Anatomical defenses, inflammation, fever, phagocytic and physical barriers are all characteristics of what type of immunity?

Back 23

Innate (natural) immunity

Front 24

What lines of defense are present in acquired immunity?

Back 24

The 3rd line

Front 25

What type of immunity deals specificity, tolerance, and memory?

Back 25

Acquired immunity

Front 26

Which type of immune response has an inbuilt immunity to resist infection?

Back 26

The innate immune response

Front 27

__________ immunity is established to adapt to infection.

Back 27

_Adaptive_ immunity is established to adapt to infection.
Duh

Front 28

Innate and adaptive immune systems have what two components in common?

Back 28

Both have cellular (liquid portion) and humoral (soluble material) components and they neither is effective without eachother.

Front 29

Which type of immunity is present at birth?

Back 29

Innate

Front 30

T/F:
The innate immunity is Ag specific.

Back 30

False
The adaptive immunity is Ag (antigen) specific

Front 31

Which type of immunity is characterized by memory and enhancement of 2nd exposure?

Back 31

Adaptive immunity

Front 32

What type of system is cells, proteins and supporting systems that kill or inactivate invaders (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa), reacts to chemicals and allergens, and monitors every cell in the body for cancer?

Back 32

Immune system
yep

Front 33

What are the advantages to the immune system? (5)

Back 33

Kills bacteria
Kills cells infected w bacteria or viruses
Inactivates or destroys viruses
Inactivates or destroys toxins
Kills cancer cells

Front 34

What are the disadvantages to the immune system? (3)

Back 34

Contributes to allergies
Rejects transplanted tissues
Mistakenly attacks itself (autoimmune diseases)

Front 35

MHC is a type of cell that distinguishes what?

Back 35

The bodys own tissue from foreign tissues, such as transplanted tissue

Front 36

What is the name for the substance that illicts an immune response?

Back 36

Antigen

Front 37

T/F:
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are the 4 polymers of a microbe.

Back 37

True

Front 38

Out of the 4 components of a microbe, which is most antigenic compound?

Back 38

Proteins

Front 39

T/F:
There is no size restriction on the recognition of a microbe by an antigen.

Back 39

False
There is a size restriction
>10,000 MW

Front 40

What are the 4 parts of a microbe that the body will react to? (i.e. the antigen part of the microbe)

Back 40

Proteins, cell membrane, cell walls, and envelope

Front 41

T/F:
The immune system detects antigens regardless of its source, i.e. it does not have to alive or it can be just the components of the antigen.

Back 41

True

Front 42

When a cell becomes infected cancerous the cells express identifiable _____ on their surface, causing the body to destroy the cells.

Back 42

When a cell becomes infected cancerous the cells express identifiable _antigens_ on their surface.

Front 43

What is cross reactivity?

Back 43

When antigens mimick human antigens

Front 44

What system collects excess liquid in the bosy and returns it to the heart?

Back 44

The lymph system

Front 45

T/F:
Erythrocytes are found in lymph and the lymph system.

Back 45

False:
Only found in the blood

Front 46

What were two examples mention in lecture of immune system proteins?

Back 46

Interferons and complement

Front 47

What components of the blood are not involved in the immune system?

Back 47

Erythrocytes and platelets

Front 48

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs in the lymph system?

Back 48

Thymus and bone marrow

Front 49

What are the 5 secondary lymphoid organs listed in the lecture notes?
MALTS

Back 49

MALT(mucosa associated lymph tissue)
Appendix
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen

Front 50

Which associated lymph tissure collects antigens from the GI and respiratory systems?

Back 50

MALT
Mucosa associated lymph tissue

Front 51

All components of the blood originate from what organ?

Back 51

Bone marrow

Front 52

What secondary lymphoid organ is found at the neck, arms, and groin?

Back 52

Lymph nodes

Front 53

Peyers patches run along side the _________ allowing enterance for __________.

Back 53

Peyers patches run along side the _intestines_ allowing enterance for _antigens_.

Front 54

What does SALT stand for and what is it?

Back 54

Skin associated lymph tissue
Loosely connecter vessels that drain liquid to bring back to system

Front 55

MALT drains liquid from what section of the body?

Back 55

GI, respiratory, mid-section
any of those