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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two parts of the respiratory system?
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(1)upper (2)lower
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What is the upper respiratory system?
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the nose and thorat including the middle ear and auditory tubes
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NAME
is the nose and the throat including the middle ear and auditory tubes |
upper respiratory system
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NAME
the mucous traps dust and microrganisms and cilla assist in moving these to the throat for elimaniation |
upper respiratory system
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What defenes mechanism does the upper respirartory system have?
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Mucous can trap dust and microorganisms. Cill assist in moving this debree to the throat for elimanation
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What is the lower respirartory system? (4)
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(1)the larynx (2)trachea (3)bronchial tubes (4)lungs
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the larnyx is the (1)
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voice box
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The trachea is your (1)
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windpipe
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the pharnyx refers to ones (1)
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throat
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The eustachian refers to ones (1)
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auditory tubes
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Another name for ones auditory tubes are (1)
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eustachian
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What are the lungs made up of?
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(1)alveoli (2)pleura
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NAME
is made up of the alveoli and pleura |
lungs
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What is alveoli?
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air sacs in lung tissue where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
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NAME
are air sacs in the lung tissue where oxygen and carbon dioxoide are exchanged |
alveoli
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What are pleura?
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are double membrane around the lungs
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NAME
is a double membrane around the lungs |
pleura
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What are the defense mechanisms for the lower respiratory system?
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macrophages in the alveoli destroy many pathegons and anitbodies in the moccus, saliva and tears help, too
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NAME
macophages in the alveoli destroy many pathegons and anitbodies in the moccus saliva and tears help, too. |
defense mechansims of the lower respiratory system
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What are normal mircobiota of the respiratory system?
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there are a number of potentially pathogenic microbes but competition keeps them in check
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What are the normal microbes of the lower respiratory system?
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is nearly sterile bc of the cillary escualtor
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NAME
is nearly sterile bc of the cillary escualtor |
normal microbes of the lower respiratory system
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What are two ways that microbes get into the lower respiratory system?
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(1)Mucus is produced by goblet cells of a mucous membrane that traps many of microorganisms that enter the respiratory tract (2)Cilla move synchronously and propel dust and microbes that have been trapped by the mucus upward to the throat
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(1) sychnronously and propel dust and mircobes that have been trapped by the mucus upward to the throat
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cilla
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(1)is produced by the goblet cells of a mucous membrane that traps many mircoorganisms that enter the respiratory system
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mucus
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What are 6 different types of the upper respiratory system?
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(1)Pharyngitis (2)Laryngitis (3)Tonsillitis (4)Tonsillitis (5)Sinusitis (6)Epiglottitis
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What is Pharyngitis?
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a sore throat
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NAME
a sore throat |
Pharyngitis
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What is Laryngitis?
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an infected larynx
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NAME
is an infected larynx |
Laryngitis
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What is tonsillitis?
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is inflamed tonsils
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NAME
is inflamed tonisls |
tonsillitis
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What is Sinusitis?
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an infected sinus
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NAME
is infected sinus |
Sinusitis
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What is Epiglottitis?
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is an inflammation of a flap-like structure of cartilage that prevents material from entering the larynx
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NAME
is the inflammation of a flap-like structure of cartilage that prevents material from entering the larynx |
Epiglottituis
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What is Epiglottitus usally caused by?
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Hib
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What has happened to Epiglottius?
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has decreased w vaccination
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is Epiglottius fatal?
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yes, possiply life-threatening within hours
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What is croup?
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is a condition caused by the inflammation of the upper airway leading to a charaterisitc barking cough
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NAME
is a condition caused by the inflammation of the upper airway leading to a characterisitc barking cough |
croup
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Most croup is (1)
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viral
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In whom is croup more common? (2)
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in childern born prematurely or those w narrowed upper airways
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NAME
is common in children born prematurely or those w narrowed upper airways |
croup
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What is Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
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strep throat
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What microbe causes strep throat?
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Streptococcus pyogenes (A or B-hemoltytic steptococci)
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NAME
is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (A or B-hemolytic streptococci) |
strep throat
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How is a person tested for strep throat? (3)
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by indirect aggulation using microscopic latex particles coated w anitbodies (2)takes as little as 10 min (3)so senstive can detect asymptomatic carriers
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What are the symptoms of strep throat?
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(1)local inflammation (2)fever (3)usally tonsillitis and lymph node in enlargement in neck
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NAME
symptoms include local inflammation, fever, usallytonsillitis, and lymph node enlargement in the neck |
strep throat
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How is strep throat transmitted?
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respiratory secrections
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NAME
is transmitted through respiratory secrections |
strep throat
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What is Scarlet fever?
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is a infection by Streptoccocus pyogones strain that causes strep throat but also produces a toxin indicating lysogeny by a bacteriophage
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NAME
is a infection by streptococus pyogenes strain that causes strep throat but also prodcues a toxin indicating lysogeny by a bacteriophage |
Scarlet fever
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What are the symptoms from toxins of Scarlet fever?
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(1)skin rash that may peel (2) high fever (3)tongue has a strawberry apearance and then as it loses its upper membrane becomes very red and enlarged
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NAME
symptoms include a skin rash that may peel, high fever, tongue has a strawberry-like appearance and then as it loses its upper membrane becomes very red and enlarged |
Scarlet fever
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How is Scarlet fever transmitted?
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is thought to be associated w respiratory secretions but might be associated w a streptococci skin infection
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NAME
transmission is thought to be associated w respiratory secretions but might be assoicated w a streptococci skin infection |
Scarlet fever
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What is Diptheria caused by?
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Cormebacterium dipththeriae
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NAME
is caused by Corynebacterieum diphtheriae |
dptheria
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What does the D stand for in the DTaP vaccine?
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the D stands for an inacviated Diptheria toxoid that causes the body to produce antibodies against the diptheria toxins
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NAME
a vaccine used against Diptheria and Pertussis |
DTap
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WHy to many adults lack immunity from Diphtheria?
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bc there was no vaccine when they were little
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a (1)shot is usally combined w the Diphtheria shot?
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tetanus
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What are the early symptoms of Diphtheria?
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(1)sore throat, fever and chills (2)infections begins in throat but if toxin cirrculates the body, the heart and kidneys become affected (3)which can lead to heart faliure and paraylsis
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NAME
early symptoms include sore throat, fever, and chills. The infection begins in the throat but if toxins circualte the body, the heart and kidneys become infected. This can lead to heart faliure and paralysis |
Diptheria
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What is a diagnostic feature of Diptheria?
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gray leather like membrane forms in the throat that can block the passage of air
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NAME
a diagnostic feature of this disease is a gray leather like membrane in the throat that can block the passage of air |
Diphtheria
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What is Otitis media?
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infection of the middle ear or earache
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NAME
is an infection of the middle ear or earache |
Otitis media
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What can cause Otitis media?
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different bacteria that form pus which builds up against the eardrum (2)30% of the cases are caused by Streptococcus pneumonia
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NAME
is caused by bacterium (30% of cases are from streptococcus pneumonia) pus that builds up against the eardrum |
Otitis media
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Why is the Otitis media effect most often childern?
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bc the eustachian tubes are small and easily blocked
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What are two home remidies that help w Otitis media?
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(1)cod liver oil (2) selenium
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Give two ex of viral diseases in the upper resiparetory system?
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(1)common cold (2)rhinovirus
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What is the common cold?
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there is no cure but symptopms of the nasal sercretion and congestion can be reduced
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What are some complications of the cold? (2)
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Larygnitis (2)otitis media
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NAME
there is no cure but symptoms of the nasal secretion and congestion can be reduced and some complications include larygnitis and otisis media |
common cold
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What is Bronchtis?
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an infection affecting the bronchi
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NAME
is an infection affecting the bronchi |
Brocnhtis
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What is Pnemuonia?
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infection of the bronchi and Alveoli
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NAME
is infection of the bronchi and Alveoli |
Pneumonia
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Pertussis is also called (1)
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Whooping Cough
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(1) is also called Whooping cough
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Pertusis
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What causes Whooping cough?
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Bordetella Pertussia bacteria destroy the cillated cells in the trachea that prevents the movement of mucous by the cillated escaulator system causing the patient to desperatley try to cough up mucous membrane
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NAME
is caused by Bordetella pertussia bacteria that destroy the cilliated cells in the trachea that prevent the movement of mucus by the cillated escualtor system |
Whooping Cough
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Why are patients having Whooping cough despertely want to caugh up mucusus secretions?
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bc the Bordtella pertussia bacteria has destroyed the cillated cells in the trachea which preven the movement of the mucuous membrane by the cillated escaualtor system
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What does the Ap stand for in the DTaP vaccine?
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aP stands for whooping cough
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What is one thing wrong w the DTaP vaccine?
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suspected of causing neuroligcal complications
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What causes Tuberculosis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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NAME
is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Tubercylosis
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NAME
is a leading killer worldwide and the leading killer of HIV patients |
Tubercylosis
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Tubercylosis is the leading killer (1) and of (2) patients
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(1)worldwide (2)HIV
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Where do the symtpoms of Tuberulosis come from?
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the bacteria itself
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Does tuberclylsosi have toxins?
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no
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What causes Pneymoccoaial pneumonia?
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Streptococcus Pneumonia
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NAME
is caused by Streptococcus Pneumonia |
Pneymoccoaial Pneumonia
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What is lobar Pneumonia?
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infection of the lobes in the lungs
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NAME
is infection of the lobes in the lungs |
lobar Pneumonia
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NAME
is the most common typical pneumonia |
lobar pnemumonia
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What are the symptoms of Pneymoccoaial pneumonia? (3)
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(1)high fever (2)breathing diffuclty (3)chest pain
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Are there many carrier of Pneymoccoaial pneumonia?
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yes
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Is there a vaccine for Pneumonia?
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yes
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For (1), it is virulence dependent on the host's resistantce
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Pneymoccoaial Pneumonia
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What are the different types bacterial Penumonia? (3)
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(1)lobar Pneumonia (2)Pneymoccoaial Pneumonia (2)walking pneumonia (3)Walking Pneumonia
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What causes walking Pneumonia?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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What causes PAP?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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NAME
is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
PAP
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What is PAP?
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Primary atypical pneumonia
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Mycoplasma pneumonia is the most common cause of (1)
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PAP
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What is walking Pneumonia?
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the inward swelling of the alveoli resulting in pneumonia w/ out fluid in the lungs
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NAME
is the inward swelling of the alveoli resulting in pneumonia w/out fluid in the lungs |
walking Pneumonia
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T or F
people w walking Pneumonia or PAP will respond to Penicillin |
False
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Why do people w walking Pneumonia or PAP not respond to Penicillin?
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bc the bacteria mycoplasmas penumonia does not have a cell wall
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How is PAP or walking penumonia transmitted?
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by direct contact w aerosols
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NAME
is transmitted by direct contact w aerosols (2) |
walking penumonia or PAP
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What can Viral Pneumonia be caused by?
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as complications of influenza, measles, and other viral diseases
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What is the most common viral Pneumonia?
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RSV
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What does RSV stand for?
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Resipartory Synctial virus
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RSV is caused by (1)
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RSV
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(1) is caused by RSV
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viral pneumonia
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NAME
is the most common viral respiretory disease in infants |
RSV
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RSV is the most common (1)
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viral respiratory disease in infants
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Who is viral pneumonia (caused by RSV) threatening for? (2)
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(1)childeren under three who have no yet devolped the antibodies to fight it (2)the elderly
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What are the symptoms for viral pneumonia caused by RSV? (2)
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(1)coughing and wheezing lasing more than a week (2)transmission ocurs before symtopms devolop
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NAME
symptoms include coughing and wheezing. In addition, transmission ocurs before symptoms devolop |
viral pneumonia
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is there a vaccination against viral pneumonia?
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no
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What are infants at risk for viral pneumonia given?
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immunoglobin
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What are patients given w viral pneumonia in order to reduce symtpoms?
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Ribavrin
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What is infleunza?
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the flu
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NAME
is the flu |
influenza
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The flu has enveolpes with two types of projections, what are they?
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(1)hemaglutnin spikes (2)Neuramindase spikes
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What does H spikes stand for?
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hemaglutnin spikes
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What does N spikes stand for?
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Neuramindase spikes
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NAME
is charactizred by having a envelope w H spikes and N spikes |
Infleunza
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What is the problem w treating influenza?
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antibodies directed at the H and N spikes have vaired compostion, this allows for virus to evade estabilshed resistance
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What is Antigenic drift?
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changes in the enveolpe and minor variaions in the antigenic make up
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NAME
is changes in the enveolpe and minor variations in the antigenic make up |
Antigenic drift
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What is Antigenic shifts?
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is the recomboination of 8 RNA segments of viral genoome w the virus btwn animal and human strains
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NAME
is the recomboination of RNA segements of viral genome w the virus btwn the animal and human strains |
Antigenic shifts
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What types of vaccines are used aginst the Influenza?(2)
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annual vaccines like (1)Relenza and (2)Tamiflu
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Relenza and Tamiflu are (1) vaccines
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Influenza
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What is SARS stand for?
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Sudden acute Respiratory Sydrome
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What are the symptoms of SARS?
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fever, dry cough and troubling breathing
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NAME
symptoms include fever, dry cough, and troubling breathing |
SARS
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How is SARS spread?
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person to person
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Where did the epidemic of SARS begin?
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china
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NAME
epdiemic begin in China |
SARS
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Have people died from SARS ?
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no
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Whom has SARS ocured in?
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travlers
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With whom are fungal disesaes in the lower repiratory system a problem for?
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those that are immunosuppresed
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(1) diseases can be a problem for people that are immunospuppresed
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fungal
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How does one get a fungal disease in the lower respiratory system?
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when fungal spores are inhaled
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What is Pnemuycositic Pneumonia caused by?
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Pneumocystis carinii
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NAME
is caused by Pneumocystis carnii |
Pnemuycositis Pneumonia
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T or F
Pneymocystis Carinii can be found in the lungs of a normal person |
true
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What happens to the lungs of people that get Pneumocytis Pneumonia?
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the microbe invades the lining of the alvioli and the cysts and eventuall rupture releses the motile cells
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NAME
the microbe invades the lining of the alvioli and the cysts and eventuall rupture releses the motile cells |
Pneumocytis Pneumonia
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is there treatment aviable for Pneumocytis Pneumonia?
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yes
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Give some ex of fungal diseases of the lower respiratory system?
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(1)Pneumocytis Pneumonia (2) Histoplasmosis (3)Blastomycosis (4)Aspergillosis
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What is Histoplasmosis?
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comes from pathogens that grow in the soil esp if contaminated w bird droppings
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Where is Histoplasmosis the most widespread?
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Ohio an the Missisipi valley
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NAME
is most widespread in Ohio an the Missisipi valley |
Histoplasmosis
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NAME
comes from pathogens that grow in the soil esp where there are bird droppings |
Histoplasmosis
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What is Blastomycosis?
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Rare but serious and found in the Mississippi Valley where is grows in the soil
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NAME
is rare but serious and found in the Mississippi valley where it grows in the soil |
Blastomycosis
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What is Aspergillosis?
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is assocaiated w decaying vegetation such as in compost piles
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NAME
is associated w decaying vegestion such as in compost piles |
ASpergillosis
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