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229 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mech: antibacterial, blocks peptidoglycan crosslinks
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penicillins, imipenem, aztreonam, cephalosporins
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mech: antibacterial, blocks peptidoglycan synth
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vancomycin, bacitracin
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mech: disrupts bacterial cell membranes
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polymyxins
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mech: antibacterial, blocks nucleotide synthesis
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bactrim
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mech: block DNA topoisomerase/gyrase
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quinolones
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mech: antibacterial, block 50S - protein synth, translocation
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chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, linezolid CCELL
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mech: antibacterial, block 30S - initiation
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aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
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list five bacteriostatic drugs
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erythromycin, clindamycin, bactrim, tetracycline, chloramphenicol
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tox: antibacterial -> interstitial nephritis
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methicillin
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tx: strep pneumo
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penicillin
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tx: pseudomonas
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tic car pipe a cillin w/ clavulanic acid
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tx: gonorrhea
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ceftriaxone
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monobactam resistant to beta-lactamases
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aztreonam
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tx: enterobacter
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imipenem/cilastatin
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tox: vancomycin
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nephro, oto, thrombophlebitis, flushing NOTF
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list five aminoglycosides
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gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
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tox: antibacterial -> aplastic anemia
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chloramphenicol
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tx: c.difficile
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metronidazole
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tox: antibacterial -> megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
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trimethoprim
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tx: protozoans
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metronidazole
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tox: antiprotozoan -> disulfaram-like reaction with alcohol, metallic taste
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metronidazole
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tx: MTB
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RIPE (prophylax INH)
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tx: MAC
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ARES (prophylax azithromycin)
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tx: leprosy
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dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine
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tox: orange pee
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rifampin
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tx: PJP
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bactrim
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mech: bind to ergosterol
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amphotericin, nystatin
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mech: prevent ergosterol synth
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azoles, terbinafine
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mech: clavulanic acid
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penicillinase inhibitor
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mech: prevent fungal nucleic acid synth
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flucytosine
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tox: amphotericin B
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shake and bake, nephro, arrythmias, anemia, phlebitis
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tx: topical/mucosal antifungal
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nystatin
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tx: aspergillus
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ampho, caspofungin
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tx: onychomycosis
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terbinafine
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mech: amantadine
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blocks uncoating (M2) of flu virus
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tox: amantadine
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ataxia, slurred speech
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mech: oseltamivir
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block NA of influenza
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mech: acyclovir
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inhibits DNA synthesis of herpes viruses
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tx: acyclovir resistant viruses?
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ganciclovir, foscarnet
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tx: HIV: protease inhibitor
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-navir
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tox: isoniazid
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drug lupus, hepato
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tox: HIV protease inhibitors
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dyslipotrophy
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mech: anti-TB drug that blocks mycolic acid synthesis
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isoniazid (aCid)
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mech: ethambutol
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block arabinosyl transferase
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mech: antibacterial, blocks RNA polymerase I
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rifampin
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mech: antibacterial, binds 23S, inhibits protein synthesis
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macrolide
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mech: block dihydropteroate synthetase
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sulfonamides
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mech: block dihydrofolate reductase
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TMP, pyrimethamine
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tox: antibacterial -> tendon rupture
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fluoroquinolone
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tx: anaerobes above the diaphragm
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clindamycin
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tx: anaerobes below the diaphragm
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metronidazole
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tox: antibacterial -> ATN
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polymyxin
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mech: anti-TB drug activated in acidic lysosome
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pyrazinamide
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tx: bacterial meningococcal infection
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rifampin
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tx: syphilis
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penicillin
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mech: inhibit fungal squalene epoxidase
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terbinafine
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tx: IFN-a
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HBV, HCV, kaposi sarcoma
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mech: HIV fusion inhibitor
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enfuvirtide
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tox: pregnancy -> gray baby
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chloramphenicol
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tox: pregnancy -> kernicterus
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sulfonamides
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id: only gram-pos w/ endotoxin
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listeria
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virulence: bacterial, prevents phagocytosis
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protein M
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virulence: endotoxic shock causes release of six things
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IL-1, TNF, NO, C3a, C5a, Hageman
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id: chocolate agar
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h.flu
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id: thayer-martin media (VCN)
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neisseria
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id: tellurite plate, loeffler's media
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c.diph
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id: pink on macconkey's agar
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lactase+ enterics
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id: sabouraud's agar grows these
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fungi
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id: periodic acid-schiff identifies this disease
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whipple
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id: ziehl-neelsen
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acid-fast bacteria
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id: india ink, mucicarmine stain
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cryptococcus
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id: silver stain
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fungi, legionella
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id: 4 obligate aerobic bacteria
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Bacillus, MTB, Nocardia, Pseudo
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id: 3 obligate, stinky anaerobic bacteria
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Actino, Bacteroides, Clostridium
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id: 2 obligate intracellular bacteria
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rickettsia, chlamydia
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id: facultative intracellular bacteria
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salm, neiss, bruc, MTB, list, frac, legion, yers
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id: encapsulated bacteria
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s.pneumo, k.pneumo, h.flu, n.mening
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id: 4 urease positive bacteria
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h.pylori, proteus, kleb, u.ureap
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virulence: bacterial, binds to Fc-IgG, preventing complement binding
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protein A
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id: only bacterium w/ protein capsule
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anthrax
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id: sinus sulfur granules
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actino
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id: waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome
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n.mening
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id: OKH antigens belong to this class of bacteria
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enterics
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id: chancroid
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h.ducreyi
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id: charcoal yeast extract media w/ L-cysteine
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legionella
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id: comma shaped
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v.cholera, c.jejuni
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id: colorless on macconkey agar
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lactase negative
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id: only gram neg w/o LPS
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bacteroides
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weil felix reaction tests for
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antirickettsia Ab
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id: giemsa smear bacteria
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chlamydia
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sx: lyme disease: BAKE
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bell's, arthritis, kardiac block, erythema migrans
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id: cave fungus
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histo
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id: captains wheel fungus
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paracocc
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id: mold, 45 degree branching septae hyphae, originating in fungus ball
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aspergillus
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id: yeast w/ positive germ tube test
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c.albicans
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id: encapsulated, narrow based, unequal budding yeast
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cryptococcus
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id: mold, no septae, in DKA or leukemic pts
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mucor
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id: rose gardeners disease, subcutaneous mycosis
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s.schenckii
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id: protist: campers, diarrhea
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giardia
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id: maltese cross
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babesia
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id: acid-fast cysts, mild watery diarrhea
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crytposporidium
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id: freshwater lake amoeba
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n.fowleri
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id: cysticercosis
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taenia solium eggs
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family: ssDNA virus
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parvovirus
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family: dsRNA virus
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reovirus
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id: 5 bugs that cause UTI
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e.coli, s.saphro, kleb, pseudo, proteus
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id: 5 bugs that secrete urease
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h.pylori, proteus, kleb, serratia, ureaplasma
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tx: malaria active infection
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chloroquine
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tx: malaria (vivax, ovale) relapse prevention
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primaquine
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id: fifth disease
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parvovirus B19
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id: aplastic crises in sickle cell anemics
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parvovirus B19
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id: hydrops fetalis in 20th week of pregnancy
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parvovirus B19
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id: two nonenveloped hepatitis viruses
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HAV, HEV
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id: only hepatitis virus with dsDNA
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HBV
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id: 3 bronchiolitis viruses, all enveloped RNA
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RSV, influenza A, coronavirus
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family herpesvirus: envelope? genome?
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yes envelope, dsDNA
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family: paramyxovirus: envelope? genome?
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yes envelope, ssRNA
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family: which 3 RNA virus families do NOT have envelopes?
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picorna, calci, reo
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sx: JC polyomavirus
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PML in HIV pts
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sx: echovirus (picorna)
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aseptic meningitis
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id: aseptic mening, febrile pharyngitis, H/F/M dz, myocarditis
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coxsackievirus (picorna)
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family: norovirus
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calcivirus
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id: colorado tick fever
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reovirus
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family: HCV
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flavivirus
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family: yellow fever, dengue, st louis encephalitis, west nile
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flavivirus
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family: EEE, WEE
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togavirus
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family: rubella
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togavirus
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family: SARS
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coronavirus
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family: influenza
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orthomyxovirus
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family: rabies
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rhabdovirus
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tx: RSV
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ribavirin
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family: ebola
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filovirus
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family: california encephalitis, CC hemorrhagic fever
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bunyavirus
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family: hantavirus
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bunyavirus
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id: deltavirus
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HDV
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Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Horribly
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Arena, Bunya, Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Filo, Rhabdo, HepD
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id: heterophil Ab test
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EBV
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id: TORCH organisms
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Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV, HIV, Syphilis
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id: HACEK organisms
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Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
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family: uses host nuclear membrane (not plasma membrane)
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herpesvirus
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HBV: nucleocapsid core proteins
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HBeAg, HBcAg
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sx: nocardia
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atypical pneumonia, encephalitis
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id: MCC of infectious cryoglobulinemia
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HCV
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id: B-cell infection
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EBV
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virulence: bacterial, targets tRNA EF-2 via ADP-ribosylation
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diph toxin, exotoxin A
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virulence: c.difficle secretes this toxin to form pseudomembrane
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cytotoxin B
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id: two bacteria secrete toxin that activates adenylate cyclase via ADP-ribosylation
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pertussis, cholerae
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virulence: c.difficle gains toxin ability via ___
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bacteriophage
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id: comma shaped rod that surives alkaline environment
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v.cholerae
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virulence: e.coli that do not ferment sorbitol, do not produce glucuronidase produce this toxin
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shiga-like
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virulence: shiga/shiga-like toxin target this thing
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60S
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id: bacteria whose toxins activate adenylate cyclase
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b.pertussis, b.anthracis (edema), ETEC (labile), c.jejuni, b.cereus, v.cholerae
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id: bacteria whose toxins activate guanylate cyclase
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ETEC (stable), y.enterocolitica
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id: bacteria whose toxins inactivate EF-2
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c.diphtheria, p.aeruginosa (exotoxin A)
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id: organism whose exotoxin depolymerizes actin
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c.difficile
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id: black on EMB agar
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lactose-fermenting enterics
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id: invasive enterics (???)
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campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, EIEC, entamoeba
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HIV structural genes
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gag (p24), pol (RT), env (gp120, 41)
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HIV replication genes
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tat (activation), rev (mRNA export)
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penicillinase-stable penicillins
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methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin ..?
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id: chinese letters, metachromatic granules that are methylene-blue positive
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c.diphth
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id: this bacterium has exotoxin that cleaves phospholipid
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c.difficle
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id: dental caries
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viridans strep
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id: kaposi sarcoma agent
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HHV-8
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id: roseola
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HHV-6
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id: peritrichous flagella
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proteus
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family: 4 segmented virus families
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Bunyavirus, Orthomyxovirus, Arenavirus, Reovirus
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tx: cephalosporin generation with increased gram-neg, decreased gram-pos activity
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3rd gen
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tx: s.epidermidis
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vancomycin
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tx: nematodes
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mebendazole, ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine
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tx: flukes
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praziquantel
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shigella and EIEC enter through this cell
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M cells in peyers patches
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id: spherule filled w/ endospores
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coccidioidomycosis
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id: fungus that can cause allergic bronchiectasis
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aspergillus
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id: ecthyma gangrenosum
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p.aeruginosa
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id: undulant fever
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brucella
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id: this GI bug often follows clindamycin or ampicillin use
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c.difficle
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id: AB toxin
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shiga-like toxin, diphth toxin
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id: this bug secretes lecithinase/PLC
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c.perfringens
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cryptococcus usually presents w/
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meningitis
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id: esophagitis in a HIV+ pt
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c.albicans
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PERCH on a peak
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Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV
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id: bugs with low infectious doses
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shigella, c.jejuni, c.perfringens, entamoeba, giardia
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id: Tsanck scraping w/ multinucleated giant cells
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herpesvirus
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id: bacillary angiomatosis
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b.henselae
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id: elderly pt w/ influenza, then pneumonia
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s.pneumo, s.aureus, h.flu
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id: cold agglutinins
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EBV, mycoplasma, or malignancy
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tx: strep pyogenes pharyngitis
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penicillin
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id: chronic granulomatous disease pts are predisposed to this type of infection
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catalase positive bacteria
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id: asplenic pts are predisposed to this kind of infection
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encapsulated bacteria
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id: C5-9 deficient pts are recurrently infected with this bacteria
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neisseria
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family: has dsDNA, partial circular, with RT
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hepadnavirus
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id: conjugation
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e.coli
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id: 3 transformation bacteria
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s.pneumo, h.flu, n.mening
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id: hepatitis virus w/o any protective Abs
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HCV
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id: EMB agar, metallic sheen
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enterics
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id: fimbrial antigen
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e.coli, neisseria
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id: growth in 6.5% NaCl
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enterococcus
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id: "mono" symptoms
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EBV, CMV, HHV6, Toxo
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id: dimorphic fungus, survives in macrophages
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histo
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id: HIV+ pt lung biopsy shows intranuclear/cytoplasmic inclusions in the epithelia
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CMV
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id: acute epiglottitis in children
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h.flu
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id: icterohemorrhagic disease infecting liver and kidney
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leptospira
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id: highest risk of fulminant hepatitis
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HEV
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virulence: c.difficle exotoxin B
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actin depolymerization
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id: mold hyphae w/ right angle branching
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mucor, rhizopus
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id: acute gingivostomatitis + LAD in a child aged 1-3
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HSV-1
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id: MCC of viral acute hemorrhagic cystitis
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adenovirus
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id: negri bodies
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rabies
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sx: white, umbilicated papules on groin
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molluscum contagium (poxvirus)
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sx: virus that causes self-limited arthritis
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parvovirus
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sx: hot tub folliculitis
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pseudomonas
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mech: antidermfungal, binds to microtubules
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griseofulvin
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mech: binds to eukaryotic RNA polymerase II
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amanitan
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mech: block fungal cell wall synthesis
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caspofungin (echinocandin)
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sx: pneumonia in a smoker, high fever, diarrhea
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legionella pneumonia
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tox: ethambutol
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optic neuritis
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tox: TB drugs causing hepatotoxicity
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all of them
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tox: antimicrobials causing ototoxicity
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vancomycin, amnioglycosides
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tox: severe renal damage
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aminoglycosides, amphotericin B
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V factor
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NAD+ (h.flu)
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X factor
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hematin (h.flu)
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virulence: immunogenic factor of h.flu capsule
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polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate
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sputum is green because of this stuff
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neutrophil MPO
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MCC of upper respiratory tract infection
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rhinovirus, then influenza
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MCC of croup
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parainfluenza, then RSV
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tox: pulmonary fibrosis
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bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone
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sx: lung cancer associated w/ gynecomastia or galactorrhea
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large cell carcinoma
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tox: 1st gen H1 blockers
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sedation
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