Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are the ingridients of pheno red broth?
|
carbohydrate
peptone durham tube ph indicator (phenol red) |
|
|
what is the pH indicator of Phenol red broth?
|
phenol red
|
|
|
what is the purpouse of Phenol red broth?
|
to differentiate gram negative enteric bacteria
|
|
|
what are the three different kinds of media of phenol red broth?
|
glucose broth
lactose broth sucrose broth |
|
|
what color does the pH indicator in phenol red broth turn at Acetic conditions?
|
yellow
|
|
|
what color does the pH indicator in phenol red broth turn at Neutral conditions?
|
red
|
|
|
what color does the pH indicator in phenol red broth turn at Basic conditions?
|
fusia
|
|
|
what is the durham tube used in phenol red broth for?
|
it showes that the organisim is able to use the carbohydrate and makes a gas by product producing an air bubble.
|
|
|
if the organisim is able to utilize the carbohydrate what is created in phenol red broth?
|
an acid by product is created
turning media yellow |
|
|
if the organisim is unable to utilize the carbohydrate but does not use the peptone what is created in phenol red broth?
|
by-product is ammonia
raises the pH of media turning it fushia |
|
|
what color of pH is produced in phenol red broth if there is a fermentation condition?
|
yellow with gas
|
|
|
how is gas production seen in a phenol red broth?
|
fermentation, indicated by a bubble in the durham tube
|
|
|
what raises the pH turning the medium pink in a phenol red broth?
|
deamination of peptone amono acids producing ammonia
|
|
|
what kind of test is a phenol red broth?
|
differential test
|
|
|
what kind of test is a casease test?
|
differential test
|
|
|
what is a casease?
|
is an enzyme that some bacteria produces to hydrolyze the milk protein casein
|
|
|
what is casein in milk?
|
is the white color
|
|
|
what are the ingredients in a milk agar or casease hydrolysis test?
|
pancreatic digest of casein
yeast extract dextrose powdered milk |
|
|
what does a casease hydrolysis positive test look like?
|
there is a clearing around the growth
|
|
|
what does a casease hydrolysis negative test look like?
|
there is no clearing it stayed the same
|
|
|
what is casease hydrolysis test for?
|
test and differentiate bacteria that produces the casease enzyme
|
|
|
what is gelatin protein derived from?
|
collagen
|
|
|
what is collagen?
|
is the component of vertebrae connective tissue
|
|
|
what are the ingredients of gelatin hydrolysis?
|
gelatin
peptone beef extract |
|
|
what does a gelatin hydrolysis positive test look like?
|
liquefy medium
|
|
|
what does a gelatin hydrolysis negative test look like?
|
solid medium
|
|
|
how do you inoculate a phenol red broth?
|
inoculating loop
|
|
|
how do you inoculate a casein hydrolysis test?
|
single streak
|
|
|
how do you inoculate a gelatin hydrolysis test?
|
stab with a noculating needle
|
|
|
what does the gelatin hydrolysis test used for?
|
the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme called gelatinase
|
|
|
what does gelatinase mean?
|
hydrolizing of gelatin
|
|
|
what kind of test is a gelatinase test?
|
differentiatial test
|
|
|
what is the only lipase test used in this lab?
|
tributyrin agar test
|
|
|
what kind of media is the tributyrin agar?
|
differential medium
|
|
|
what does the tributyrin agar test for?
|
an organism to produce an exoenzyme called lipase
|
|
|
what is lipase?
|
that hydrolyzes tributyrin oil
it breaks down fats(lipids) |
|
|
triglyceride also known as?
|
tributyrin oil
|
|
|
lipase allows for organisims that?
|
produce it to break down lipids into smaller fragments.
|
|
|
what does a tributyrin agar positive test look like?
|
clear zone apear around growth
|
|
|
what does a tributyrin agar negative test look like?
|
no clearin zone opaque suspension
|
|
|
what are the ingredients in a tributyrin agar?
|
prepared as an emulsion that makes agar appear opaque with bubbles
|
|
|
how do you inoculate a tributrynin agar?
|
single streak
|
|
|
what kind of medium is a starch agar?
|
is a differential medium
|
|
|
what do starch agar test for?
|
the ability of an organimism to produce certain exoenzymes that hydrolyze starch
|
|
|
starch is a polysaccharide
|
amylose
amylopectin( contains polysaccharide side chains) |
|
|
organisims that produce and secrete extracellular enzymes are able to?
|
break starch into smaller units
|
|
|
what are the ingredients of a starch agar?
|
plated medium of beef extract
soluble starch agar |
|
|
what is the reagent of starch agar?
|
iodine
|
|
|
what is iodine used for in starch agar?
|
to detect the presence or absence of starch around growth
|
|
|
what does a positive test for starch agar look like?
|
clearing around the growth
|
|
|
what does a negative test for starch agar look like?
|
no clearing
|
|
|
what does iodine do to the medium when added?
|
it turns the medium blue or dark brown
|
|
|
what is the inoculation process in starch agars?
|
single stroke
|
|
|
the pH indicator in a starch agar helps to?
|
isolate and identify
|
|
|
what do
eosin methylene blue agar hektoen enteric agar and macConkey agar have in common? |
that they test for the ability for an organisim to ferment lactose
|
|
|
what kind of medium is eosin methylene blue agar?
|
is a selective and differential medium
|
|
|
what is methylene blue agar used for?
|
to sisolate fecal coliforms
|
|
|
how is eosin methylene blue agar inoculated?
|
single streak
|
|
|
what color is eosin methylene blue agar?
|
maroon color
|
|
|
what are the ingredients of EMB?
|
methaline blue
eosin lactose biosalts |
|
|
what does methaline blue test for in EMB?
|
glam positive
|
|
|
what is the pH indicator in EMB?
|
eosin
|
|
|
what does biosalts do in EMB?
|
inhibit gram positive
|
|
|
what does EMB inhibit and grow
|
inhibits gram positive
grow gram negative |
|
|
what does a lactose fermenter look like in an EMB?
|
red colony, black, purple
|
|
|
what does a lactose nonfermenter look like in an EMB?
|
non color colony
|
|
|
what does a lactose fermenter look like E.coli?
|
metallic green color colony
|
|
|
_____and ____ serve as fermentable carbohydrate sources which encourage growth of fecal coliforms and provide a means of differentiating them
|
sucrose and lactose
|
|
|
EMB stands for
|
Eosin
Methylene Blue agar |
|
|
what color is hektoen enteric agar?
|
green colored
|
|
|
what kind of medium is HEK
|
is a selective and differential medium
|
|
|
what does HEK stand for?
|
Hektoen
Enteric agar |
|
|
what is HEK used for?
|
is designed to isolate and differentiate members of the salmonella and shigella from other enterobacteriacaea
|
|
|
what does HEK do?
|
it differentiates is organisim can break protein to make H2S
|
|
|
what is H2S in HEK test?
|
a black precipitate
|
|
|
what are the ingredients of HEK?
|
lactose
biosalts bromalthymal blue little iron |
|
|
what is the application of HEK?
|
stools
|
|
|
what does a lactose fermenter or acidic conditions look like in a HEK?
|
yellow - orange
|
|
|
what does a lactose nonfermenter or neutral conditions look like in a HEK?
|
colorless with blue green medium
|
|
|
what does a H2S( hydrogen sulfide) or iron enviorment look like in a HEK?
|
black precipitate
|
|
|
bile salts, bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin inhibit?
|
growth of most gram positive organisims
|
|
|
lactose, sucrose, and salicin provide?
|
fermentable carbohydrates to encourage the growth and differentiation of enteric.
|
|
|
ferric ammonium citrate provides?
|
a sorce of iron to allow production of hydrogen sulfide from sodium thiosulfate. allows the visualization of hydrogen sulfide production by reacting with hydrogen sulfide gas to form a black precipitate
|
|
|
how does HEK inoculated?
|
single streak
|
|
|
what does MAC stand for?
|
MacConkey
agar |
|
|
what color is MacConkey agar?
|
pink color
|
|
|
what is the inoculated process for MacConkey agar?
|
single streak
|
|
|
what are the ingredients of MacConkey agar?
|
biosalts
lactose crystal violet neutral red |
|
|
what does biosalts do to MacConkey agar?
|
inhibit the growth of gram positive
|
|
|
what does crystal violet do to MacConkey agar?
|
inhibit the growth of gram positive
|
|
|
what is the pH indicator of MacConkey agar?
|
neutral red
|
|
|
what is the application of MAC
|
all clinicla specimen
|
|
|
what does a lactose fermenter look like in a MAC test?
|
brick red/ hot pink
|
|
|
what does a lactose nonfermenter look like in a MAC test?
|
no color
|
|
|
what kind of medium is MacConkey agar?
|
is a selective and differential medium
|
|
|
what is MAC dessigned to do?
|
to isolate and differentiate enterics based on their ability to ferment lactose
|
|
|
lactose provides in MAC test?
|
a source of fermentable carbonhydrate allowing for differentiation
|
|
|
fermenter produce a ------enviorment
|
acidic
|
|
|
what does MRVP stand for
|
MR- Methyl Red
VP- Voges-Proskauer |
|
|
what does Methyl Red test for?
|
acidic end product from glucose
|
|
|
what does Voges-Proskauer test for?
|
neutral end producs from glucose
|
|
|
what is the reagent of Methyl Red?
|
methyl red
|
|
|
what is the reagent of Voges-proskauer?
|
30% KOH
a-naphtol |
|
|
what does a positive MR look like
|
red
|
|
|
what does a negative look like in MR?
|
no color change
|
|
|
what does a positive look like in a VP?
|
no color change
|
|
|
what does a negative look like in a VP?
|
red
|
|
|
if MR is - and VP + the result is
|
neutral
|
|
|
if MR is + and VP - the result is
|
acidic
|
|
|
if MR is - and VP - the result is
|
basic
|
|
|
if MR is + and VP + the result is
|
error
|
|
|
what does simmons citrate agar test for?
|
the ability of organismis to utilize citrate as a carbon source
|
|
|
what does citrate agar contain?
|
sodium citrate
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate bromthyl blue |
|
|
what does sodium citrate do?
|
its a source of carbon
|
|
|
what does ammonium dihydrogen phosphate do in a citrate test?
|
sorce of nitrogen
|
|
|
what is the pH indicator of citrate test?
|
bromthymol blue
|
|
|
what does the citrate test do?
|
it differentiates the enterobacteriacaea
|
|
|
what does a positive citrate test look like?
|
blue
|
|
|
what does a negative citrate test look like?
|
any other color
|
|
|
what does S stand for in SIM medium?
|
sulfur reduction
|
|
|
what is sulfur reduction in SIM medium?
|
H2S production
release of protein a black presipitate |
|
|
what does the I stand for in SIM medium?
|
Indole
|
|
|
what is indole in SIM medium?
|
the breakdown of tryptophon to add covax reagent
|
|
|
what does the M stand for in SIM medium?
|
Motility
|
|
|
what is motility in SIM medium?
|
the ability of an organisim to move trough the medium
|
|
|
what does a positive test look like for a sulfur reduction in a SIM medium?
|
black precipitate precent
|
|
|
what does a negative test look like for a sulfur reduction in a SIM medium?
|
clear
|
|
|
what does a positive indole test look like in a SIM medium?
|
red
|
|
|
what does a negative indole test look like in a SIM medium?
|
no color
|
|
|
what does a positive test for motility look like in a SIM medium?
|
cloudy
|
|
|
what does a negative test for motility look like in a SIM medium?
|
clear
|
|
|
S
I M |
sulfur reduction
indole production motility |
|
|
what type of medium is SIM?
|
is a combination of differential medium that tests three different parameters.
|
|
|
the sulfur reduction test is used in SIM medium to?
|
differentiate enteric organisms
|
|
|
what does indole do in the SIM medium?
|
differentiates enterobacteriacaea
|
|
|
what does the motility test do in the SIM medium?
|
used to test wide variety of organisims
|
|
|
what is the reagent of SIM medium?
|
kovac reagent
|
|
|
how do you inoculate MacConkey agar?
|
single streak
|
|
|
how do you inoculate MRVP test?
|
inoculating loop
|
|
|
how do you inoculate an SIM medium?
|
straigh needle
|
|
|
how do you inoculate a nitrate reduction test?
|
inoculating loop
|
|
|
what is nitrate broth used for?
|
to determine the ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrite using enzyme nitrate reductase
|
|
|
what does nitrate broth test?
|
the ability of organisms to perform nitrification on nitrate and nitrite to produce molecular nitrogen
|
|
|
if organisim reduces nitate to nitrite the nitrites in the medium will form nitrous acid
|
when sulfanilic acid and anaphthylamine is added
|
|
|
react with nitrous acid to produce diazotized sulfanilic acid
|
when sulfanilic acid is added
|
|
|
what does a positive test form nitrate reduction look like
|
red after first reagents added
|
|
|
what does a negative test formin a nitrate reduction look like
|
red after the zinc is added
|
|
|
if the medium doesnt turn red after reagents added in nitrate reduction test it means that
|
the organisim was unable to reduce the nitrate or that the organisim was avle to denitigy the nitrate or nitrite to produce ammonia
|
|
|
what does it mean if the broth doesnt turn red after the second test in a nitrate reduction test?
|
is a positive complete
there was no nitrate to reduce |
|
|
step one in nitrate reduction test
|
NO3->NO2
|
|
|
step two in nitrate reduction test
|
NO->N2->NH3
|
|
|
what are the reagents in a nitrate reduction test?
|
a-naphtylamine
sulfanilic acid |
|
|
what kind of medium is urease broth?
|
is a differential medium
|
|
|
what does urease broth test for?
|
the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme called urease
|
|
|
what does urease do in a urease broth?
|
hydrolyses urea to amonia and carbon dioxide
|
|
|
what is the pH indicator of urease broth?
|
phenol red
|
|
|
what does a basic (positive) test look like in a urease broth?
|
fushia
|
|
|
what does a neutral (negative) test look like in a urease test
|
any other color
|
|
|
how do you inoculate a urease test?
|
inoculating loop
|
|
|
what does oxidase test identify?
|
organisims that produce the enzyme cytochrome oxidase
|
|
|
what does cytochrome oxidase participate on?
|
electron transpor chain by transfeing electrons from donor molecule to oxygen
|
|
|
what does a positive test for oxidase test look like?
|
blue or purple
|
|
|
what does a negative test for oxidase test look like?
|
no color change
|
|
|
what does the strip do in the oxidase test?
|
differentiates arobe positive from anaerobic bacterium
|
|
|
Klinger iron agar that is basic is
|
fushia
|
|
|
klinger iron agar that is neutral is
|
red
|
|
|
klinger iron agar that is acid is
|
yellow
|
|
|
klinger iron agar that has no gas is
|
still not broken or lifted
|
|
|
klinger iron agar that has gas
|
is broken or lifted
|
|
|
klinger iron agar that as a H2S
|
is black
|
|
|
what kind of reactions are posible in the klinger iron agar slant
|
A-acidic
K-basic N-neutral |
|
|
what kind of reactions are posible in the klinger iron agar butt
|
A-acidic
K-basic N-neutral |
|
|
what kind of reactions are possible for gas in klinger iron agar
|
gas
no gas H2s- black |
|
|
what is the application of phenol red broth?
|
end product of sugar metabolism
|
|
|
what is the substrate of phenol red broth?
|
glucose
lactose sucrose |
|
|
what is the pH indicator of phenol red broth
|
phenol red
|
|
|
what is the application of casease test
|
tests a bacteria for its ability to produce casin, a protein that breaks down milk and milk products
|
|
|
what type of media is casease test?
|
milk agar plate( clody)
|
|
|
what is the substrate of casease test?
|
casein
|
|
|
what is the applicationt for gelatinase test?
|
used to determine the ability of a microbe to produce gelatinases
|
|
|
what is the substrate of gelatinas test?
|
gelatin
|
|
|
what is the substrate of lipase test?
|
lipids( tributyrin)
|
|
|
what is the substrate of starch hydrolysis?
|
starch
|
|
|
what is the substrate of methyl red?
|
glucose
|
|
|
what is the substrate of voges-proskauer?
|
glucose
|
|
|
what is the substrate of citrate test?
|
citrate
|
|
|
what is the substrate of SIM medium?
|
tryptophan
|
|
|
what is the substrate of nitrate reduction test?
|
nitrate
|
|
|
what is the substrate of urease test?
|
urea
|
|
|
what is the reagent of starch hydrolysis?
|
gramiodine
|
|
|
what is the reagent of methyl red
|
methyl red
|
|
|
what is the reagent of voges-proskauer?
|
a-naphthol and 30% porassium hydroxide
|
|
|
what is the reagent of SIM medium?
|
kovac's reagent
|
|
|
what is the reagent of nitrate reduction test?
|
a-naphthylamine and sulfanilic acid
|
|
|
what is the pH indicator of citrate test?
|
bromothymol blue
|
|
|
what is the pH indicator of urease test?
|
phenol red
|
