Microbial Interactions - Exam 3 - Microbiology

Front 1

A type of symbiosis in which microorganisms grow within the host cells

Back 1

Endosymbiosis

Front 2

A type of symbiosis in which microorganisms are attached but remain outside of the host cell

Back 2

Ectosymbiosis

Front 3

Symbiosis is usually restricted to which form: Parasitism, Commensalism, Mutalism

Back 3

Mutualism

Front 4

A type of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the associations

Back 4

Mutalism

Front 5

What are some examples of mutalism?

Back 5

Nitrogen fixation, lichen, mycorrhizae, flashlight fishes, symbionts of protozoa, symbionts of insects, and symbiosis in ruminants

Front 6

Generally refers to the natural process by which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted to ammonia.

Back 6

Nitrogen Fixation

Front 7

Gram-negative heterotrophic soil bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with plants of the legume family.

Back 7

Rhizobia

Front 8

List some examples of the legume family

Back 8

Clover, Soybeans, Alfalpha, Peanuts

Front 9

A flowering plant commonly known as the legume family

Back 9

Fabaceae

Front 10

A genus of nitrogen fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants

Back 10

Actinomycetes

Front 11

Bacteria of this genus form root nudules and are similar to the gram-negative bacteria rhizobia.

Back 11

Frankia

Front 12

What genus does the Australian pine belong to?

Back 12

Casuarina

Front 13

What genus does the alder belong to?

Back 13

Alnus

Front 14

What genus does the California lilac belong to?

Back 14

Ceanothus

Front 15

Lichens are slow growers

Back 15

1-2 mm per year

Front 16

Mycorrhizae - symbiosis between fungi and plants - non pathogenic

Back 16

Plants - mineral nutrients form fungi. Fungi - carbohydrate for growth from plant

Front 17

Two major types of mycorrhizae?

Back 17

Ectomycorrhiza and Endomycorrhiza

Front 18

Ectomycorrhizae: woody plants such as pine oak and birch form ectomycorrhizae with fungi

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Mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi forms a sheath or mantle around the roots of symbiont

Front 19

From the mantle or sheath: hyphal network extends into roots

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Hyphal network --> Hartig net (named after Robert Hartig)

Front 20

Hyphal network extends into the roots, between the cells, but not penetrate into the cortical cells

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~80% vascular plants form endomycorrhizae

Front 21

Which bacteria are used during yogurt production, innoculation

Back 21

Lacto del Strep therm
Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Streptococcus thermophilus

Front 22

Two main types of butter

Back 22

sweet cream, cultured butter

Front 23

Which bacteria are used during butter production, cultured butter

Back 23

Lacto diace, Leu citro
Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum

Front 24

Lacto diace Leu citro

Back 24

Cultured butter

Front 25

Yogurt production: Which bacteria produces the acid? Which bacteria produces the flavor?

Back 25

Strep produces the acid, Lacto produces the flavor.

Front 26

What test is performed to determine whether raw milk pasteurization was performed correctly

Back 26

The Phosphatase Test

Front 27

What is the phosphatase test?

Back 27

The enzyme phosphatase is destroyed during pasteurization and therefore the absence of this enzyme indicates pasteurization would performed correctly

Front 28

What does the enzyme phosphatase degrade?

Back 28

Disodium phenylphosphate to phenol and sodium phosphate