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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IN MICROBES, GROWTH =
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AN INCREASE IN CELLULAR COMPONENTS, LEADING TO AN INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
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WHAT DOES MICROBIAL GROWTH LEAD TO
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MICROBIAL GROWTH LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN CELL #
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IN MICROBIAL GROWTH, CELL SIZE INCREASES BY WHAT AMOUNT ( USUALLY)
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2X THE ORIGINAL SIZE
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IN PROCARYOTES, MICROBIAL GROWTH OCCURS BY
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BINARY FISSION
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DEFINE BINARY FISSION
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BINARY FISSION IS AN INCREASE IN CELL SIZE ( USUALLY 2X)
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LIST THE 4 STEPS INVOLVED IN BINARY FISSION
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---DNA ATTATCHES TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE CELL AND IS REPLICATED
---(2) COPIES MOVE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER TO OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL ---PM AND THE CELL WALL GROW INWARD IN THE CENTER OF THE CELL ---PM AND THE CELL WALL MEET TO SEPARATE CELL INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS THAT ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL |
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THE TIME IT TAKES TO COMPLETE BINARY FISSION ( PROCARYOTES MICROBIAL GROWTH) IS CALLED
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GENERATION TIME
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DEFINE GENERATION TIME
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THE TIME IT TAKES PROCARYOTES TO COMPLETE BINARY FISSION AKA THE DOUBLING TIME
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SHORT GENERATION TIME FOR BINARY FISSION OF PROCARYOTE CELLS
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LESS THAN 20 MINUTES....E-COLI AND STAPH
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MOST MICROBES GENERATION TIME IS ( IN BINARY FISSION OF PROCARYOTES)
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1-3 HOURS IS THE AVG GENERATION TIME OF PROCARYOTES.
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A LONG GENERATION TIME OF BINARY FISSION IN PROCARYOTES
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DAYS TO WEEKS ( MYCOBACTERIUM AND LEPRA=10 DAYS)
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IN A LAB,,,BACTERIA ARE GROWN IN A
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BATCH CULTURE
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DEFINE A BATCH CULTURE AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE
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A CLOSED CULTURE VESSEL EX. A TEST TUBE WITH A CAP
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IN MICROBIAL GROWTH, A BATCH CULTURE ( CLOSED CULTURE VESSEL SUCH AS TEST TUBE W/A CAP) NEEDS TO HAVE A SET VOLUME EX. 3.5 MLS OF NUTRIENT BROTH
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NOTE
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IN MICROBIAL GROWTH LIST SOME OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THAT MUST BE CONSTANT FOR GROWTH TO OCCUR
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AN INCUBATOR IS USUALLY USED,,,CONSTANT TEMP (98.6 F),CONSTANT LIGHT, SHAKING ETC
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A BATCH CULTURE CREATES
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A PREDICTABLE PATTERN OF GROWTH
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WHEN TALKING ABOUT BATCH CULTURES WHAT DOES THE TERM "VIABLE" MEAN
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VIABLE MEANS THAT THEY HAVE METABOLIC ACTIVITY, AND THEY'RE ABLE TO REPRODUCE
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WHAT IS THE FIRST PHASE AFTER AN INNOCULATION OF A BATCH CULTURE
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THE LAG PHASE
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WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELL # DURING THE LAG PHASE
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LITTLE OR NO SIGNIFICANCE IN CELL # DURING THE LAG PHASE
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GIVE TWO REASONS WHY THE LAG PHASE OCCURS
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CELLS ARE ADJUSTING TO THERE NEW ENVIRONMENT
THE CELLS ARE SYNTHESIZING NEW CELL COMPONENTS |
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WHAT DOES SYNTHESIZING NEW CELL COMPONENTS MEAN
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PREPARING TO DIVIDE
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ANOTHER REASON THAT THE LAG PHASE OCCURS IS BECAUSE CELLS ARE REPAIRING DAMAGE FROM....
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THE TRANSFER
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LIST (4) REASONS WHY A "LONG" LAG PHASE MAY OCCUR
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---POOR TRANSFER TECHNIQUE CAUSED EXCESSIVE DAMAGE
---DRAMATIC CHANGE IN TEMP ( TRANSFER FROM A WARM TUBE TO A COLD ONE) ---DRAMATIC CHANGE IN MEDIUM( NUTRIENT BROTH TO A SUCROSE MEDIUM) ---THE CELLS MAY BE OLD |
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IN MICROBIAL GROWTH,,,THE PERIOD AFTER THE LAG PHASE
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EXPONENTIAL PHASE
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DEFINE THE EXPONENTIAL PHASE
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PERIOD OF MAXIMUM INCREAE IN CELL #
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CELLS ARE MOST UNIFORM IN THIS PHASE, BEST FOR STUDY
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EXPONENTIAL PHASE
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THIS PHASE OCCURS AFTER THE EXPONENTIAL PHASE, AND THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN CELL #
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THE STATIONARY PHASE
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WHY IS THERE NO CHANGE IN CELL # DURING THE STATIONARY PHASE
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---CELLS HAVE NO METABOLIC ACTIVITY BUT DON'T DIVIDE
---A BALANCE BTWN CELL DEATH AND CELL DIVISION --- |
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WHY DOES THE STATIONARY PHASE OCCUR
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NUTRIENTS BECOME LIMITED ( THE GREATEST COMPETITION FOR NUTRIENTS IN THIS PHASE)
---WASTE BEGINS TO ACCUMULATE MAKING THE ENVIRONMENT INHOSPITABLE |
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DEFINE THE DEATH PHASE
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THE FINAL PHASE OF BATCH CULTURE, EXPONENTIAL DECREASE IN CELL #,,,THE OPPOSITE OF THE EXPONENTIAL PHASE
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WHY DOES THE DEATH PHASE OCCUR
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COMPLETE LACK OF NUTRIENTS, WASTE ACCUMULATES TO TOXIC LEVELS, AND KILLS THE CELLS
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