Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mutation |
Can be induced ---exposure to a mutagen i.e. UV light OR natural --mistakes made by DNA polymerase i.e replication |
|
|
Mutation happens when: |
Changes to an organism's genetic code are called mutations |
|
|
Types of mutations: |
point mutations large mutations |
|
|
Point mutations |
single bases ( one base is changed ) -addition (extra DNA) -deletion (deletes the DNA) -substitution (accidentally puts in wrong base) |
|
|
Large mutations |
chunks of material can be changed |
|
|
Fram shift mutations |
Changes the "frame" of reading ( frame is shifts downstream from where the mutation occurred) Open reading frame |
|
|
Substitutions |
substitute one or more bases for another one or more |
|
|
Missense mutations |
Changing a base that will alter the codon and alter the protein that is translated from that codon |
|
|
Silent mutation |
when a codon is translated to the same protein, despite the wrong base being used. |
|
|
Nonsense mutations |
the wrong base that is placed on the gene is translated into a stop codon. This causes a truncated protein as it prematurely STOPS ( can also have no effect if stopped at the end or new the end ) |
|
|
Deletion |
a base is deleted accidentally. |
