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8 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

a. Define Genome


b. What makes up the Genome (Bacterium)

a. All the genetic information in a cell


b.


- Plasmid


- Chromosomes

Describe a Plasmid

- DNA containinh structure


- Replicates independently of chromosome

a. Define Genomics


b. What does Sequencing determine?

a. Study of sequencing, analysing and comparing genomes


b.


- entire complement of genetic information


- including genes, regulatory sequences and non-coding DNA

a. How many chromosomes does a bacterial cell have?


b. What is the size range for a bacterial chromosome? (kb)


c. On average, how many kb's for 1 gene?

a. 1 (circular)


b. 160-12,300 kb


c. 1 kb

a. Describe the benefit of Comparitive Analysis


b. In bacteria, which genes are typically the most abundant?

a.


- Many genes can be identified by sequence due to sequence similarity in other organisms


- Allows for predictions in of Metabolic pathways and Transport systems


b. Metabolic genes

a. Define Mutation


b. State + describe 3 types of mutations


c. What is the difference between Mutant and Wild type?

a. Change in the base sequence of DNA


b.


- Silent: base change has no effect on consequent amino acid


- Beneficial: enhancement in activity of the gene product


- Harmful: no/low activity of the gene product


c.


Wild type: native form of the organism


Mutant: organism containing the mutation

a. What is a nucleoside Analogue an example of?


b. What is a nucleoside analogue


c. Why are these a problem?

a. a Mutagen


b. A chemical which is structurally similar to a Nitrogenous Base


c. Nucleoside Analogues have slightly difference base pairing properties to nucleotide bases

a. Give 2 examples of mutagens which come from light


b. Explain their harmful effects

a.


- Ionizing radiation (X-rays + Gamma rays)


- Non-ionizing radiation (UV light)


b.


UV light:


- Causes adjacent Thymines to cross-link


- Forming a Thymidine Dimer


Gamma rays:


- Causes formation of free radicals from water


- Free radicals react with nucleosides and the sugar-phosphate backbone