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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a. Define Genome b. What makes up the Genome (Bacterium) |
a. All the genetic information in a cell b. - Plasmid - Chromosomes |
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Describe a Plasmid |
- DNA containinh structure - Replicates independently of chromosome |
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a. Define Genomics b. What does Sequencing determine? |
a. Study of sequencing, analysing and comparing genomes b. - entire complement of genetic information - including genes, regulatory sequences and non-coding DNA |
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a. How many chromosomes does a bacterial cell have? b. What is the size range for a bacterial chromosome? (kb) c. On average, how many kb's for 1 gene? |
a. 1 (circular) b. 160-12,300 kb c. 1 kb |
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a. Describe the benefit of Comparitive Analysis b. In bacteria, which genes are typically the most abundant? |
a. - Many genes can be identified by sequence due to sequence similarity in other organisms - Allows for predictions in of Metabolic pathways and Transport systems b. Metabolic genes |
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a. Define Mutation b. State + describe 3 types of mutations c. What is the difference between Mutant and Wild type? |
a. Change in the base sequence of DNA b. - Silent: base change has no effect on consequent amino acid - Beneficial: enhancement in activity of the gene product - Harmful: no/low activity of the gene product c. Wild type: native form of the organism Mutant: organism containing the mutation |
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a. What is a nucleoside Analogue an example of? b. What is a nucleoside analogue c. Why are these a problem? |
a. a Mutagen b. A chemical which is structurally similar to a Nitrogenous Base c. Nucleoside Analogues have slightly difference base pairing properties to nucleotide bases |
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a. Give 2 examples of mutagens which come from light b. Explain their harmful effects |
a. - Ionizing radiation (X-rays + Gamma rays) - Non-ionizing radiation (UV light) b. UV light: - Causes adjacent Thymines to cross-link - Forming a Thymidine Dimer Gamma rays: - Causes formation of free radicals from water - Free radicals react with nucleosides and the sugar-phosphate backbone |