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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major skin defenses?
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Functions of Mucous Membranes
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Skin Rashes and Lesions
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Types of rashes
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Bacterial diseases of the skin
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Coagulase
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Enzyme that forms fibrin clots
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Folliculitis |
Infections of
the hair follicles. |
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Stye |
Folliculitis of an
eyelash. |
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Furuncle (boil) |
Abscess;
pus surrounded by inflamed tissue. |
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Carbuncle |
Inflammation
of tissue under the skin. Often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. |
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What does MRSA stand for?
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Stands for
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Impetigo |
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Scalded Skin Syndrome |
Caused by Staphylococcus aureus
that produces an exfoliative toxin |
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections:
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) |
TSS is a systemic disease that may include a
rash. |
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Streptococcal Skin Infections:
Group A streptococci (GAS) |
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Hemolysis
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alpha
beta gamma |
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Streptococcal Mechanisms of
Pathogenicity |
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GAS can produce
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M proteins
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On surface prevent activation of
complement and allow microbe to escape phagocytosis 27 |
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Streptococcal Skin Infections:
Erysipelas |
Reddish patches with
raised edges (reddening caused by erythrogenic toxin) |
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Streptococcal Skin Infections:
Impetigo |
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Invasive Group A Streptococcal
Infections |
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Cellulitis
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Necrotizing fasciitis
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Infections by Pseudomonads
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Pyocyanin
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A pigment produced by
Pseudomonas that causes pus to be bluegreen in color |
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Why do cut flowers or plants are not allowed
in the rooms of patients at high risk of infection? |
Because of the potential presence of
Pseudomonas in the plants or the water. |
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What is the cause of
infections under the nails, resulting in a characteristic green color? |
Pseudomonas
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Acne Types
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Acne
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Viral Diseases of the Skin
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Herpesviruses
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Pox viruses
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Smallpox
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Warts
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Papillomaviruses
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Warts Treatments
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Poxviruses
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Poxviruses:
Smallpox (variola) |
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Poxviruses:
Monkeypox |
Prevention by smallpox
vaccination |
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Herpesviruses
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Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV; HHV3)
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Chickenpox (varicella)
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Shingles
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Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
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Herpes Simplex 1.
Herpes Simplex 2 |
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Herpes simplex in the newborn
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*Measles (Rubeola)
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*Rubella (German Measles)
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Erythema Infectiosum
(Fifth Disease) |
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Roseola
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Fungals diseases of the skin, hair and nails
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Dermatophytes
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Organisms that cause cutaneous mycoses.
Soil is their natural reservoir but most are transmitted by direct or indirect contact. Most dermatophytes metabolize keratin |
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Dermatomycoses
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Tineas or “ringworm”
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Cutaneous Mycoses:
Trichophyton |
Infects hair, skin, and nails
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Cutaneous Mycoses:
Epidermophyton |
Infects skin and nails
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Cutaneous Mycoses:
Microsporum |
Infects hair and skin
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Cutaneous Mycoses Treatment
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Tinea corporis
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Anywhere on the body
(“ringworm”) |
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Tinea capitis
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On the head, especially cradle
cap |
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Tinea pedis
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On the foot, athlete’s foot
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Tinea cruris
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In the groin, jock itch
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Subcutaneous Mycoses:
Sporotrichosis (“rose-grower’s disease’) |
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Sporotrichosis Treatment
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Treated with oral solution of potassium iodide
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Candidiasis
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Candidiasis Treatment
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Topical treatment with miconazole or nystatin.
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Parasitic Infestations of the skin
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Scabies (mites)
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Pediculosis (lice)
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Scabies (mites) treatment
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Treatment with topical insecticides
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Pediculosis (lice) treatment
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Treatment with topical
insecticides. |
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Bacterial Diseases of the Eye
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Conjunctivitis (pinkeye)
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Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia
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Conjunctivitis
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Pinkeye symptoms
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Ophthalmia neonatorum
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Conjunctivitis in the newborn caused by
gonorrhea (or chlamydia) in the mother |
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Trachoma
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Trachoma Transmittion
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By contact with nasal or ocular
discharges, or fomites. |
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Trachoma Symptoms
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Trachoma Treatment
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Inclusion Conjunctivitis
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Viral Diseases of the Eye
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Herpetic Keratitis
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Protozoan Disease of the Eye:
Acanthamoeba Keratitis |
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Skin defenses:
Salt |
Inhibits microbes
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Skin defenses:
Lysozyme |
Hydrolyzes
peptidoglycan. |
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Skin defenses:
Fatty acids (in sebum) |
Inhibit some
pathogens. |
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Skin defenses:
Defensins |
Antimicrobial peptides
found in skin and mucous membranes. |
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Skin Rashes and Lesions:
Exanthem |
Skin rash arising from another focus
of the infection. |
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Skin Rashes and Lesions:
Enanthem |
Mucous membrane rash arising from
another focus of the infection. |
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Streptococcal Skin Infections Treatment
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Streptococcal infections are effectively treated
with penicillin; most staph infections are not. |
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Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Treatment
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Herpes gladiatorum
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Vesicles on skin
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Herpetic whitlow
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Vesicles on fingers
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Herpes encephalitis
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HHV-2 has up to a 70%
fatality rate |
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Herpes Treatment
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Acyclovir may lessen symptoms.
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Rubella (German Measles) Treatment
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