Microbes

Front 1

Microbe

Back 1

A very tiny organism, includes species of bacteria, Archaea, and some eukaryotes

Hint 1

What does micro- mean?

Front 2

Bacterial niches

Back 2

Decomposers, nitrogen-fixation, nitrification/denitrification, digestion, prevent bad bacteria from settling, etc.

Hint 2

Bushman's fish tank, the soil, dead organisms

Front 3

5 kingdom system

Back 3

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera

Hint 3

A,P,F,P,M (couldn't come up with a good mnemonic...)

Front 4

Cell walls (BAE)

Back 4

Bacteria: peptidoglycan (murein), Archaea: pseudomurein, Eukarya: cellulose

Hint 4

What do plants have?

Front 5

Cell membranes

Back 5

Bacteria: phospholipids, Archaea: glycerol & isoprenoid chains, Eukarya: phospholipids

Hint 5

Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails.

Front 6

rRNA

Back 6

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya do not all have the same rRNA sequences

Hint 6

Are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya very similar?

Front 7

Histones

Back 7

Prevent transcription by having DNA wrap around it. Bacteria: no histones, Archaea: similar structure, Eukarya: histones present

Hint 7

Epigenetics

Front 8

Habitat

Back 8

Bacteria: everywhere, Archaea: extreme environments, Eukarya: everywhere

Hint 8

Where do you see the BAE?

Front 9

Introns

Back 9

Non-coding portions of the DNA. Bacteria: No introns, Archaea: Some have introns, Eukarya: introns present

Hint 9

Can bacteria use eukaryotic DNA?

Front 10

Methanogens

Back 10

Use CO2 as energy and methane as waste (chemiautotrophs), anaerobic, found in termites' digestive tract, Siberian tundra, and human & dog intestines

Hint 10

Methan - o - gen

Front 11

Thermophiles

Back 11

REALLY LIKE THE HEAT, found in sulfur hot springs (pH 1-5, temp. 90 degrees C), also found in deep ocean vents (temp. 105 degrees C)

Hint 11

Thermo - phile

Front 12

Halophiles

Back 12

LOVE SALT, live in Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake, and evaporative salt ponds, usually salinity is 10x higher than worlds' oceans

Hint 12

Halo (salt) - phile

Front 13

Bacteria shapes

Back 13

Sphere a.k.a. cocci (alone, pairs, chains, clusters, gram positive), Rod a.k.a. bacilli (alone, chains, gram negative), Helices a.k.a. spirilla (forever alone :3, gram negative)

Hint 13

O, -, ~

Front 14

Cell Walls (gram positive vs gram negative)

Back 14

Gram positive: simple, stain purple, large, in outer layer, no membrane; gram negative: complex, stain pink, small, covered by outer layer of membrane

Front 15

Cocci examples

Back 15

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Hint 15

End in coccus

Front 16

Bacilli examples

Back 16

Salmonella

Front 17

Spirilla examples

Back 17

Streptobacillus monoliformis and Spirillum minus

Front 18

Bacterial communication

Back 18

Quorum sensing, vibrio fischeri density molecule for light, found in firefly squid, includes Streptococcus quorum and Staphylococcus sps.

Front 19

Virus features

Back 19

Not alive, can reproduce and evolve by natural selection, surrounded by capsid, DNA or RNA, single or double stranded, retroviruses use RNA with reverse transcriptase, some have phospholipid bilayer viral envelope

Front 20

Yeast

Back 20

Genus saccharomyces, kingdom fungi, used for alcoholic fermentation, nonmotile, chitin cell walls, extracellular digestion,

Hint 20

Like mushrooms, make bread rise, moving yeast?

Front 21

Yeast Reproduction

Back 21

Budding or fission, sexually (a and alpha) under stress

Hint 21

Remember the picture

Front 22

Amoeba

Back 22

Locomotion by pseudopodia, intracellular digestion, use contractile vacuoles for osmoregulation, Naegleria fowleri (brain eaters)

Hint 22

"Fake feet,"

Front 23

Amoeba reproduction

Back 23

Binary fission (bacteria do it too)

Hint 23

Like early atomic bombs

Front 24

Plasmodium

Back 24

Intracellular digestion, 200 different species, found in mosquitos causes malaria, move by gliding on substrate, sporozoites --> gametocytes, pesticides and preventing standing water stop mosquito reproduction

Hint 24

Think disease (malaria)

Front 25

Paramecium

Back 25

Intracellular digestion, move by cilia, take food in by mouth, primarily freshwater, endosymbiosis with bacteria and viruses

Hint 25

Om nom nom

Front 26

Euglena

Back 26

Autotrophic and heterotrophic, has chloroplast and gathers food, flagella, no cell wall, kingdom protista

Hint 26

Hybrid

Front 27

Chlorella

Back 27

Single green-celled algae, chlorophyll a and b in chloroplast, used to describe Calvin cycle, planktonic (cannot swim), cell wall cellulose, kingdom protista, make lipids and release them to be less dense and float, photic zone

Hint 27

Chlor-

Front 28

Types of nitrogen fixation

Back 28

Mutualistic nitrogen fixation (Rhizobium sps and legumes), Free-living nitrogen fixation (Azotobacter sps), Industrial nitrogen fixation (burn fossil fuels to produce fertilizer)

Front 29

Nitrification and Denitrification

Back 29

Nitrification: oxygen added to ammonia and nitrates are produced, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter turn nitrite into nitrate

Denitrification: Remove nitrites and nitrates and put N2 gas into air, Pseudodomonas denitrificans

Hint 29

It's in the middle of the cycle and the end

Front 30

Conditions for Nitrification and Denitrification

Back 30

Nitrification: Aerobic, Neutral pH, Warm

Denitrification: Anaerobic, Abundant nitrate or nitrite

Front 31

Sewage and microbes

Back 31

Excessive rain or mechanical failure, sewage released into bodies of water, bacteria