Microanatomy Of The Gi Glans Ea

Front 1

Name 4 gastrointestinal secretions

Back 1

Mucus(protective/lub)
Enzymes
Water
Electrolytes (H,HCO3)

Front 2

Name the effect of the parasymp ans symp. on the GI

Back 2

Para: increase rate of secretion on salivary, gastric, pancreatic and duodenal secretions
symp: (direct) small increase in secretions and decrease in blood flow
(indirect) due to blood flow decrease, symp stimulation decreases secretin especially when secretions are increased due to para stimulation

Front 3

describe how each of the following are excreted and what are the 3 controls?...
enzyme precursors, electrolytes, mucus

Back 3

Exocytosis except electrolytes which are through active transport
controls: Local, Ans, hormones

Front 4

Components of saliva?

Back 4

alpha amylase: by acini
potassium
bicarb: by cells of ducts

Front 5

Describe saliva

Back 5

hypotonic
low na and cl
high k and hco-

Front 6

describe Primary secretion of saliva

Back 6

By the acinus in salivary gland which contains ions amylase and mucus

Front 7

describe Secondary secretion of saliva

Back 7

By the ducts
Active transport of na back to blood
active secretion of k from blood to saliva
HCO3- moves into saliva via active transport
Electrical gradient allows passive trans of CL- to blood

Front 8

what controls salivation and what are the causes?

Back 8

controled by parasymp innervation
Caused by taste, smell, thought, gastric irritation

Front 9

What are the esophageal secretions and what are their purpose?

Back 9

Mucus: lube and protection

Front 10

name the stomach glands and respective secretions

Back 10

Cardiac: mucus
(fundic)Oxyntic(gastric): mucus, HCL/intrinsic factor(protect vit b12), enzyme precurser (pepsinogen)
pyloric: mucus, gastrin, pepsinogen

Front 11

What do parietal cells secrete?

Back 11

HCL and intrinsic factor

Front 12

This area of stomach has lots of mitochondris, surface area and golgi?

Back 12

Fundic

Front 13

Describe creation of HCL

Back 13

formation of carbonic anhydrase which then splits to h and hco3. the bicard is transported out of the cell to the blood in exchange for cl. Cl is then pushed into lumen. H is actively transported into lumen in exchange for K using atpase

Front 14

What do chief cells do?

Back 14

peptic cells that produce pepsinogen.
*stimulated by vagus N or secretin*

Front 15

How do cheif cells secrete pepsinogen?

Back 15

secretin, gastrin, ach, and h+ all cause pepsinogen to be released. It is converted to pepsin via H+

Front 16

What is mucus secretion stimulated by?

Back 16

PGE2

Front 17

what is teh major player in the major player in the control of gastric acid secretion?

Back 17

Histamine binding to the H2 receptor on the parietal cell
**H2 activation causes increased cAMP and pushes H+ into lumen via atpase**

Front 18

How is histamine released to contribute to acid secretion?

Back 18

Ach binds to muscurinic receptors on teh Entero-chromaffinlike cells and Gastrin (which was made by g cells and excreted via distension) binds to teh CCKb receptor on the ECFL cells. This releases histamine

Front 19

What does Ach and Gastrin bind to on the parietal cell to help release HCL?

Back 19

M3 receptor and CCKb receptor respectively

Front 20

Inhibition of Gastric secretion?

Back 20

H+: inhibits G cells
PGE2 is major player in this (blocking acid)
Gastrin-CCK make D cells which release somatistatin and block action of ECFL cells

Front 21

Describe PGE2 in decreasing HCL secretion?

Back 21

lowers cAMP and prevents the ATPase from churning out H+ into lumen.

*Asprin blocks PGE2*

Front 22

The cheif parenchymal cell is made of what?

Back 22

hepar-liver + kytos-cell

Front 23

Hepatocyte is what type of cell?

Back 23

epithelial cell seen in the liver

Front 24

Functions of the hepatocyte(liver)?

Back 24

endocrin: hormone and protein synthesis
Exocrin: bile production
Metabolic
detoxification

Front 25

describe blood supply of the liver.

Back 25

dual whith oxygen rich from proper hepatic artery and nut rich from portal vein
blood leaves via hepatic veins which drain to IVC

Front 26

hepatic artery proper and portal vein branch into what structure and become what?

Back 26

Portal space
Become hepatic arteriole and portal venule

Front 27

portal vein, hepatic arteriole, bile duct

Back 27

portal triad

Front 28

portal venule and hepatic arteriole drain to what?

Back 28

hepatic sinusoids

Front 29

serve as capillaries and is the space between hepatocytes. consists of 2 discontinuous layers of fenestrated endo cells.

Back 29

Hepatic sinusoids

Front 30

Describe space of disse

Back 30

Serves as lymphatic area ( lymph torwards portal spaces)
between discont endo layer of hepatic sinusoid and hepatocytes

Front 31

Describe blood flow from hepatic sinusoids to IVC

Back 31

HS
centrolobular veins
sublobular
hepatic veins
IVC

Front 32

this plasma membrane is the 1st part of bile duct system and terminates in bile duct of portal space

Back 32

bile canaliculus

Front 33

Certification

Back 33

Evidence that an individual has mastered competencies in a particular area.