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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tunica vaginalis
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peritoneal remant covering the capsule
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tunica albuginea
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-dense fibrous CT capsule
-posterior surface thickens and projects inwards= *mediastinum testes*, through which pass the blood vessels, lymphatics and genital excurrent ducts |
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tunica vascularis
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-inner portion of capsule; loose CT containing blood vessels
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testicular septae/lobules
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each testes is divided into ~250 lobules by incomplete CT septa that project from the capsule
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seminiferous tubules
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-1-4 per lobule; produce sperm
-CT stroma contain *Leydig (interstitial) cells*, which produce testosterone -sertoli and spermatogonia found in tubules as well |
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sertoli cells
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-spermatogenic support cells found on the outer portion of the tubules; form blood-testis barrier
-columnar cells with extensive apical and lateral processes surrounding adjacent spermatogenic cells |
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spermatogonia
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-diploid (2n) cells that undergo meiosis to produce haploid (1n) sperm
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Describe the process of spermatogenesis, noting location of each stage within the seminiferous tubules:
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-spermatogonia: basement membrane
-primary spermatocyte -secondary spermatocyte -spermatid -spermatazoa: apical portion of sertoli cells where they border the tubule lumen |
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What are the 3 main functions of sertoli cells?
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-stimulated by FSH to secrete ABP, increasing local testosterone concentration
-phagocytose shed cytoplasm from developing sperm -secrete nutritive fluids to nourish developing sperm |
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What is the importance of sertoli cell tight junctions?
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-separate basal from adluminal compartments
-form blood-testis barrier |
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blood-testis barrier
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-isolates sperm antigens from blood
-prevents anti-sperm ABs from entering testes |
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Leydig cells
produce _____, which diffuses into Sertoli cells to assist in maturation of the spermatozoa |
testosterone
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Where are the Leydig cells located?
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clustered in interstitial fluid
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FSH
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secreted by anterior pituitary; acts on sertoli cells to do their thing
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ABP
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androgen binding protein; secreted by sertoli cells to concentrate testosterone in the tubular lumen
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LH
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leutinizing hormone; secreted by anterior pituitary to stimulate Leydig cell testosterone production
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List in order, the ducts that spermatozoa must travel through from seminiferous tubules to epididymis:
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-seminiferous tubule
-straight tubules (tubuli recti) -rete testis -efferent ducts (ductuli efferentes) -ductus epididymis |
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name the epithelium: tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes, epididymis
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-tubuli recti: simple cuboidal epitheium
-rete testis: simple cuboidal/columnar w/ microvilli and flagella -ductuli efferentes: pseudostratified columnar w/ clumps of tall and short cells giving a sawtooth appearance; tall columnar cells are ciliated to move sperm, short cells have microvilli to resorb fluid -epididymis: pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia |
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What is the function of the epididymis and what are the stereocilia for?
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-Fnx: storage, maturation and compaction of sperm
-stereocilia: long microvilli (1 per cell) which increase surface area and absorb excess fluid |
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How do sperm get to and out of the epididymis?
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-entrance: fluid flow
-through and exit: spontaneous smooth muscle contractions |
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ductus deferens
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-transports sperm to prostatic urethra
-lots of smooth muscle for propulsive force for ejaculation -widens in ampulla region before entering prostate |
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Describe the epithelium of the ductus deferens:
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low pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal w/ stereocilia
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What 3 substances are produced by the seminal vesicles and what are their functions?
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-Vit C and fructose: nourishment
-alkalinizing agents: neutralize vagina acid -prostaglandins: sperm motility, uterine contractions? |
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seminal vesicle mucosa/epithelium
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-highly folded mucosa
-pseudostratified columnar epithelium; height varies w/ testosterone levels |
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What are the 3 glandular zones of the prostate?
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-peripheral zone: anterior; largest zone; cancer origin
-central zone: posterior, adjacent to seminal vesicle; prostatitis -transitional zone: surrounds urethra; BPH |
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What substances does the prostate produce, and what are their functions?
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produces enzymatic proteins or sperm function; empties into prostatic urethra through several small ducts
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corpora amylacea
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prostatic concretions that develop with age; concentric lamellated calcifications
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bulbourethral glands
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-small glands in urogenital diaphragm that produce alkaline substance and mucus
-empty into membranous urethra |
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The deep arteries of the penis are surrounded by _____.
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corpora cavernosa
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The spongy (penile) urethra is surrounded by the _____.
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corpus spongiosum
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