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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lawsonia intracellularis |
- Gram negative - Curved rod - Obligate intracellular pathogen - Non-spore-forming - Non-flagellated - Invades intestinal epithelial cells, causing hyperplasia - Replicates in apical cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells - Two clinical manifestations in pigs: acute hemorrhagic form, chronic proliferative form - Focal area of hemorrhage - Necrosis and inflammation - Proliferation of the glandular epithelium - NO multinucleated giant cells and fibrosis |
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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae |
- Anaerobic spirochete - Strongly beta hemolytic on blood agar - Mostly pigs, but also birds, dogs, humans - Classic Brachyspira GI pathogen leads to diarrheal disease in growing pigs - Causes swine dysentery - Proliferates in large intestine and causes degeneration and inflammation of the superficial mucosa, hyper secretion of mucus by mucosal epithelium, and multifocal bleeding points on mucosal surface - Does not penetrate beyond intestinal mucosa - Decreased ability of mucosa to reabsorb endogenous secretions from unaffected SI results in diarrhea - Lesions confined to cecum, spiral colon, rectum - Affected mucosa is covered with a layer of transparent of gray mucus, often with suspended flecks of blood in early stages, with a mixture of blood, fibrin, and necrotic debris in more advanced cases. - Late in disease, will see yellow, necrotic debris |
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Campylobacter jejuni |
- Curved, helical-shaped - Non-spore-forming - Gram-negative - Microaerophilic - Single polar flagellum - Commonly associated with poultry - Causes gastroenteritis - Zoonotic - Transmission is foodborne, waterborne, or fecal-oral - Animals serve as reservoir hosts - Niche is in GI tract of domesticated and wild vertebrates |
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Clostridium perfringens |
- Gram positive - Rod-shaped - Anaerobic - Spore-forming - Pigs affected by type C - Highly fatal - Necrohemorrhagic enteritis - Most commonly affects piglets 1-5 days old, but may be seen in pigs up to 3 weeks old - C. perfringens affects upper jejunum and elaborates beta toxin, a potent, heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive, exotoxin that causes necrosis of all structural components of the villi - Rarely affects the colon |
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Salmonella cholerasuis |
- Gram-negative - Rod-shaped - Flagellated - Facultative anerobe - Necrotizing enterocolitis - Diarrhea that may be accompanied by generalized sepsis - Dx by fecal or intestinal mucosa culture, but more reliably isolated from enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes |
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Ascaris suum |
- Large roundworm of pigs - Parasitic nematode - Pigs infected with A. suum by ingesting infectious eggs in environment - Larvae that emerge from the egg are L3 - Larvae hatch inside the intestines and subsequently migrate through the body - First, penetrate intestinal wall at level of cecum/colon, use cranial mesenteric vein to migrate to the liver, then travel to the lungs where there become stuck in the capillaries and penetrate alveoli. They migrate up and are coughed up, then swallowed to reach the SI again where they undergo their first molt in the host to L4 - Worms reach adulthood 6 weeks after infection - Eggs leave via feces - Paratenic hosts ingest eggs, L3 larvae remain in tissues of paratenic host until pig eats them (beetles, earthworms) |
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Colibacillosis |
- E.coli diarrhea - Young piglets few days old - well after weaning - Mostly days after birth - E. coli gram negative, flagellated bacilli |
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Parascaris equorum |
-Equine roundworm - Mating occurs in SI - Eggs expelled in feces, then consumed by a horse while eating contaminated grass or drinking contaminated water - 3 month life cycle - Swallowed eggs become larva and migrate from SI into blood vessels and from there travel to the liver, where they molt into another larval stage. From there, migrate to the lungs. They are coughed up and re-swallowed, where the larvae mature in the small intestine into adult and produce eggs - They live by consuming liquid contents of intestine and may occasionally also suck blood from intestinal wall |
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Where in the body of a horse are Anoplocephala perfoliata worms found? |
Ileocecal valve |
