Micro Unit 8

Front 1

12D treatment

Back 1

a sterilization process that would result in a decrease of the number of Clostridium botulinum endospores by 12 logarithmic cycles

Front 2

Ammonification

Back 2

the release of ammonia from nitrogen-containing organic matter by the action of microorganisms

Front 3

Amylase

Back 3

Enzyme that breaks down starch.

Front 4

Anaerobic sludge digester

Back 4

anaerobic digestion used in secondary sewage treatment

Front 5

Aseptic packaging

Back 5

commercial food preservation by filling sterile containers with sterile food

Front 6

Biofilms

Back 6

a microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface

Front 7

Bioluminescence

Back 7

the emission of light from the electron transport chain; requires the enzyme luciferase

Front 8

Bioreactor

Back 8

a fermentation vessel with controls for environmental conditions; eg temperature and pH

Front 9

Bioremediation

Back 9

the use of microbes to remove an environmental pollutant

Front 10

BOD - biological oxygen demand

Back 10

a measure of the biologically degradable organic matter in water

Front 11

Coliforms

Back 11

aerobic or facultatively anaerboic, gramnegative, nonendospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with acid and gas formation within 48 hours at 35 degrees C

Front 12

Composting

Back 12

a method of solid waste disposal, usually plant material, by encouraing its decomposition by microbes

Front 13

Denitrification

Back 13

the reduction of nitrogen in nitrate to nitrite or nitrogen gas

Front 14

Eutrophication

Back 14

the addition of organic matter and subsequent removal of oxygen from a body of water

Front 15

Extremophile

Back 15

a microorganism that lives in environmental extremes

Front 16

Flat sour spoilage

Back 16

thermophilic spoilage of canned goods not accompanied by gas production

Front 17

Flocculation

Back 17

the removal of colloidal material during water purification by adding a chemical that causes colloidal particles to coalesce

Front 18

Glucose isomerase

Back 18

an enzyme () that catalyzes the conversion of glucose into fructose

Front 19

Immobilized enzymes

Back 19

an enzyme which is attached to an inert, insoluble material such as sodium alginate

Front 20

Malting

Back 20

the germination of starchy grains resulting in glucose and maltose production

Front 21

Mashing

Back 21

the first stage of the brewing process, when the grains and other fermentables (grist) are steeped in warm water (liquor) to extract their sugars

Front 22

Mycorrhizae

Back 22

a fungus growing in symbiosis with plant roots

Front 23

Nitrification

Back 23

the oxidation of nitrogen in ammonia to produce nitrate

Front 24

Nitrogen fixation

Back 24

the conversion of nitrogen into ammonia

Front 25

Primary metabolite

Back 25

a product of an industrial cell population produced during the time of rapid logarithmic growth

Front 26

Protease

Back 26

an enzyme that digests protein

Front 27

Rennin

Back 27

an enzyme that forms curds as part of any dairy fermentation product; originally from calves' stomachs, now produced by molds and bacteria

Front 28

Retort

Back 28

a device for commercially sterilizing canned foods by using steam under pressure; operates on the same principle as an autoclave but much larger

Front 29

Secondary metabolite

Back 29

a product of an industrial cell population produced after the microorganism has largely completed its period of rapid growth and is in a stationary phase of the growth cycle

Front 30

Thermophilic anaerobic spoilage

Back 30

spoilage of canned foods due to the growth of thermophilic bacteria

Front 31

Trickling filter

Back 31

a method of secondary sewage treatment in which sewage is sprayed out of rotating arms onto a bed or rocks or similar materials, exposing the sewage to highly aerobic conditions and microorganisms