Micro Test Iii Drugs

Front 1

what does MIC stand for

Back 1

minimum inhibitory concentration

this is the lowest concentration of a drug that prevents growth

Front 2

what does MLC stand for

Back 2

minimum leathal concentration of a drug that kills

Front 3

what is a chemotherapeutic agent

Back 3

any chemical that is used to treat a desease

Front 4

what is an antimicrobial drug

Back 4

any chemical used to treat a microbial infection

Front 5

antibiotics

Back 5

antimicrobial drugs naturally produced by microorganisms

Front 6

what is selective toxicity

Back 6

antimicrobial drugs must be selectively toxic againt microorganisms and not permanently harm the human host

Front 7

what is the therapeutic dose

Back 7

the level required for treatment

Front 8

what is the toxic dose

Back 8

the level at which the drug is toxic to the host

Front 9

what is the therapeutic index

Back 9

toxic dose/therapeutic dose

the larger this is, the better (more selective) the antimicrobial drug

Front 10

what is the mechanisms of action of beta-lactam drugs

Back 10

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Front 11

what are two beta lactam drugs

Back 11

penicillins and cephalasporins

Front 12

what is the specific mechanism of action in beta-lactam drugs

Back 12

inhibiting the cross-linking of petidoglycan via the tetrapeptide chain

Front 13

Beta-lactam drugs are only effective in these type of cells

Back 13

cells that are actively synthesizing their cell walls. When the cell is actively growing

best time to treat is during initial log

Front 14

gram negative bacteria are more likely to produce this enzyme that can inactivate antibiotics

Back 14

beta-lactamases (penicillinases)

Front 15

other than this, beta-lactam antibiotics tend to have very few side effects

Back 15

allergic reactions

Front 16

because the peptidoglycan layer of gram negative bacteria is protected by this they tend to be more innately resistant to this type of antibiotic

Back 16

protected by outer membrane

beta-lactam antibiotics

Front 17

what is the
Source
effective against
Examples

for natural penicillins (beta-lactame antibiotics)

Back 17

peniciilium, chrysogenum

G+ bacteria and some G- Cocci

Penicillin G, Penicillin V

Front 18

what is the
Source
effective against
Examples

for Broad-spectrum penicillins

Back 18

Partially synthetic

G+ and G- bacteria

ampicillin and amoxicillin

Front 19

what is the
Source
effective against
Examples

for extended-spectrum penicillins

Back 19

partially synthetic

some tough G- bacteria (Pseudomonas)

Ticarcillin and Piperacillin

Front 20

what is the
Source
effective against
Examples

for cephalosporins

Back 20

Acremonium, Cephalosporium (more recent derivaties are partially synthetic)

some G+ and more recent derivatives are effective against G-

Cephalexin and Cefepime

Front 21

because vacomycin cannot do this it is not a possible treatment for gram negative bacteria

Back 21

cannot cross the outer membrane

Front 22

this is good for treating G+ infections if the beta lactam antibiotics are ineffective

Back 22

Vancomycin

example = antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Front 23

how is vancomycin administered

Back 23

intravenously (parenterally)

Front 24

what is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin

Back 24

binds to the peptide side chain of NAM and stops synthesis of peptidoglycan

Front 25

what is the mechanism of action of Bacitracin

Back 25

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transport of peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane

Front 26

when is bacitracin used

Back 26

only in topical ointments

Front 27

what is the
mechanism of action
effective against
and example

for Aminoglycosides

Back 27

bind to 30S ribosomal subunit causing it to mis-translate proteins

mainly G- that respire (proteus, escherichia, Klebsiella)

streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin (do not take orally, non selective)

Front 28

can you take the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin orally

Back 28

no, it is non-selective

Front 29

do the aminoglycosides have a high or low therapudic index

Back 29

low

Front 30

what is the
mechanism of action
effective against
and example

for tetracyclines

Back 30

reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit and stop protein synthesis

certain G+ and and G- (rickettsia and chlamydiae)

tetracycline and doxycycline

Front 31

what is the
mechanism of action
effective against
and example

for macrolides

Back 31

reversibly bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and stop protein synthesis

a variety of bacteria, mainly G+, but also those that cause walking pneunomia

erythromycin
azithromycin

Front 32

what is the Mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides

Back 32

bind to 30S ribosomal subunit causing it to mis-translate proteins

Front 33

what is the Mechanism of action for tetracyclines

Back 33

reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit and stop protein synthesis

Front 34

what is the Mechanism of action for macrolides

Back 34

reversibly bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and stop protein synthesis

Front 35

what are aminoglycosides effective against

Back 35

mainly G- that respire (proteus, Escherichia, and Klebsiella)

Front 36

what are the tetracyclines effective against

Back 36

Certain G+ and G- (rickettsias and chlamydiae)

Front 37

what is macrolides effective against

Back 37

variety of bacteria, mostly G+, but also those that cause walking pneumonia

Front 38

what is an example of an aminoglycoside

Back 38

stretomycin

Gentamicin

Neomycin (DO NOT TAKE ORALLY)

Front 39

what is an example of an tetracycline

Back 39

tetracycline and doxycycline

Front 40

what is an example of an tetracycline

Back 40

erythromycin and Azithromycin

Front 41

what type of antibiotic are the aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and macrolides

Back 41

they all inhibit protein synthesis

Front 42

what class of antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis

Back 42

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and macrolides

Front 43

the plasma in micoplasma means

Back 43

that the bacteria has no cell wall

Front 44

what does arbo mean?

Back 44

arthropod born bacteria

Front 45

what class of antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

Back 45

quinolones

Front 46

what is the mechanism of action of the quinolones

Back 46

inhibit DNA topoisomerases and gyrases

Front 47

what are the quinolones effective against

Back 47

wide variety of G+ and G-

Front 48

what is an example of a quinolone

Back 48

Ciprofloxacin (cipro)

Front 49

what is an example of an antibotic that interferes with cell membrane integrity

Back 49

Polymyxin B

Front 50

where should polymyxin B be used

Back 50

only topically because it can damage eukaryotic cells

active ingrediant in topical first aid creams

Front 51

what type of cells are easier to kill/inhibit with antibiotics

Back 51

grame positive because of the exposed peptidoglycan layer.