Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a virus made of?
Prion? |
RNA, capsule (proteins) and sometimes and envelope.
A prion is a single "nonconformist" protein |
|
What are the most common food borne viruses?
|
--> Norovirus by far!
Then astro, roto virus Hepatitis |
|
How are viruses detected?
|
Cannot be cultured in lab since they require host cell.
Detection through antibody testing, SEM. |
|
What is the #1 cause of foodborne viral sickness?
|
Norovirus
|
|
Why are noroviruses so contagious?
|
LOW DOSE! 10-100 particles
Airborne Present in high doses in vomit and poo Survival in foods: 60C doesn't kill; also resist. to Chlorine |
|
Incubation and duration time of norovirus?
|
1-2 days (for both)
|
|
Detection of norovirus?
|
SEM, antibiodies, genetic methods
|
|
Describe the astrovirus.
|
Star shaped virus; causes copious diarrhea in children, elderly.
|
|
Describe the rotovirus
|
!!!!KEY!!! most common cause of childhood diarrhea WW! Nearly 1 millions deaths.
"Spoked" looking virus. |
|
Why is the rotovirus so deadly?
|
VERY watery diarrhea. Causes severe dehydration.
|
|
How is rotovirus treated?
|
Main issue is sever dehydration: rehydration salts. More important: attenuated vaccine RotaTeq now available
|
|
What is a picornavirus
|
A virus at infects only primates. Hepatitis is one.
|
|
What forms of hepatitis are in foods?
|
only A&E
|
|
How do adults/kids differ in their susceptibility to Hepatitis?
|
If kids get it, symptoms relatively mild and then they are immune. If adults get it, symptoms much worse
|
|
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis?
|
fever, fatigue, naseua and jaundice. Liver problems.
|
|
How is it confirmed that you might have Hepatitis?
|
Tests are done to confirm presence of antibody: ie. ELISA
|
|
What is the incubation time of Hep?
|
LONG!!! 28 days!
|
|
What disease do prions cause?
|
SE: spongioform encephalopothy
|
|
Prion disease in Sheep? Cows? Humans?
|
Sheep = scrapie
Cows: BSE Humans: CJD or vCJD |
|
How does prion sickness occure?
|
PrPc-->PrPsc
c = conformation sc = spongioform conf. a single AA mutation causes different protein folding/structure giving it enzymatic activity. |
|
Who proposed Prion mechanism?
|
Stanley Prusiner
|
|
How to prevent prion SE?
|
Dont eat tainted meat. Prion cannot be "denatured".
|
|
Detection? Incuabtion?
|
Detection: autopsy
Incubation: LONG!!! decade+ |
|
How has it been shown that a prion is not a virus?
|
UV light (which degrades RNA/DNA) does not destroy prion.
|