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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interleukins
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Cytokines that serve as communicators between leukocytic (white cells)
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Cytokines
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Function as chemical messengers within the immune system. (Very specific)
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Chemotaxis release chemokines...
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A family of cytokines that induces the migration of leukocytes into infected areas.
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Humoral immunity
aka antibody mediated |
Involves the production of antibodies that act against foreign organisms and substances.
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B-Cells are involved in...
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Humoral immunity. They are responsible for production of antibodies.
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The humoral immunity response defends primarily against...
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bacteria, bacterial toxins and viruses that are circulating freely in the body's fluids. Also a factor in some reactions against transplanted tissue.
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Cell mediated immunity involves...
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specialized lymphocytes, called T-Cells, that act against foreign orgnisms or tissues. T-Cells also regulate the activation and proliferation of other immune system cells such as microphages.
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Cell mediated immunity is most affective against...
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bacteria and viruses located within phagocytic or host cells and against fungi, protozoa and helminths.
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acute inflammation
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develops quickly and is short lived, is usu. beneficial, important in 2nd line of defense
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chronic inflammation
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develops slowly and lasts long time. Can damage tissues.
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6 types of WBC are
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neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes
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neutrophils function
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phagocytosis
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basophils
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produce histamine
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eosinophils
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toxic to parasites and some phagocytosis
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dendritic cells
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initiate adaptive immune response
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monocytes
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phagocytic as monocyte matures. Fixed macrophages in lungs, liver and bronchi. Wandering macrophages roam tissues
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lymphocytes
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are involved in specific immunity
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advantages of fever
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increases transferrins and increase IL-1 activity
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disdvantages of fever
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tachycardis, acidosis, dehydration
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Process of developing fever
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hypothalamus is normally set to 37 degrees C, gram neg. endotoxins cause phagocytes to release IL-1. Hypothalamus releases prostaglandins that reset the hypothalamus to a new temp. Body raises metabolism and shivers which raises temp. When IL-1 is eliminated, body temp falls.
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How do some bacteria evade complement?
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capsules prevent C activation, surface lipid carbohydrates prevent MAC formation. Enzymatic digestion of C5a.
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nucleic acid vaccine
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DNA vaccine
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advantage of recombinant and DNA vaccine
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they do not need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe. This is good because we do not have the technology to grow some viruses in cell culture.
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inactivates whole agent vaccines
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use microbes that have been killed, usually by formalin or phenol. Ex rabies, flu, polio
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toxoids
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inactivated toxins
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recombinant vaccines
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are Subunit vaccines produced by genetic engineering techniques. Sununit vaccines contain only the antigenic fragments of a pathogen. It cannot reproduce in recipient.
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fluoroscent antibody technique
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can identify microorganisms in clinical specimins and can detect the presecnce of a specific antibody in serum
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precipitation reactions
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involve the reaction of soluble antigens with igG or IgM anitbodies to form large interlocking molecular aggregates called lattices
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Adjuvants
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improve the effectiveness of some antigens
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ELISA techniques use antibodies linked to an
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enzyme
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