Micro Test 3

Front 1

Hair in nostrils traps large particles called:

Back 1

Vibrissae

Front 2

Mucous glands secrete:

Serous glands secrete:
Natural antibiotic in mucous:

Back 2

Mucous

watery lysozyme and kills bacteria
Defensins

Front 3

Cause of strep throat:

Gram ____ cocci

Hemolytic_________

Back 3

Streptococcus pyogenes
cocci positive
Beta

Front 4

Spread by :

Incubation period:

Back 4

Droplet, food

2-5 days

Front 5

Symptoms:

Can lead to this?

Back 5

Severe sore throat, painful swallowing, fever >101, swollen tonsils, white or yellow spots.
Scarlet fever

Front 6

What are symptoms of above disease:

Back 6

Fever >101, Body rash, Strawberry rash on tongue.

Front 7

Streptococcus in wounds can lead to:
Caused by:

Back 7

Necrotis fascitis

Exotoxins

Front 8

Dx of streptococcus pyogenes:

Back 8

Rapid test-Antigen
Throat culture
Even if rapid test neg still have to culture.
NOT BY GRAM STAIN

Front 9

No sensitivity test needed responds well to:

Back 9

PCN

Front 10

Do not use this for dx:

Back 10

Gram stain

Front 11

Diptheria is caused by what:

Exotoxin causes what symptoms:

Back 11

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Fever, swelling of lymph nodes, dysphagia, leathery patches on tonsils.

Front 12

What type is it gram__?
Characteristics:

Back 12

Gram positive rod
Non-motile,AEROBIC, CLUB shaped.

Front 13

Found in ______?

Back 13

Upper Resp tract, low fever, pseudo membrane, can lead to resp distress.

Front 14

Diagnosed by?

What media?

Back 14

Pseudomembrane, neck swellinjg, throat culture.
GRAM STAIN very important with this bacteria...

Front 15

Treatment:

Back 15

Immediate- very slow recovery. Diptheria anti-toxin and PCN

Front 16

Commom cold is found in ___

Caused by:

Back 16

URT
RNA ,Rhinovirus

Front 17

Transmitted by:

Incubation:

Back 17

Aerosols, formites,most common route is the nose.

5-7 days

Front 18

Symptoms of the cold that differ from flu:

Back 18

Cold has runny nose and sneezing, flu does not.
Common symptoms are low grade fever, sore throat,slight fever and runny nose.

Front 19

Treatment:

Dx:

Back 19

None, unless severe. Asprin if febrile.
Clinical presentation or May dx with cell cultures on live cells if severe enough.

Front 20

Rhinovirus is RNA or DNA based?

Back 20

RNA

Front 21

Adenovirus is DNA or RNA based?
First found on what?

% re-infection rate?

Back 21

DNA.

Adenoid tissue.
50%

Front 22

Transmitted by:
Mostly found in URI but can lead to:

Back 22

Direct,fecal-oral, waterborne, not normally airborne.

GI tract where it cannot be killed.

Front 23

Incubation:

Symptoms:

Back 23

2-14 days.

Appear as cold, croup or bronchitis, LASTS 3-5 days.

Front 24

Treatment:

Dx:

Back 24

None.

Nasal swabs or washings,RT-PCR, cell culture looking for cytopathic effect- if postitive then have adenovirus

Front 25

Pneumonia s/s:

Back 25

inflammation of alveoli, chest pain when coughing, hemopytis,n/v,muscle soreness, headache. POOR GAS EXCHANGE

Front 26

Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia:

Back 26

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 27

Characteristics of strep pneumoniae?

1/3 cause of all community acquired pneumonia

Back 27

Gram positive lancet shaped rod, normal flora that causes infection, ALPHA HEMOLYTIC, AEROTOLERANT

Front 28

Streptococcus pneumoniae is divided in to two forms:
Effects young adults:
Infant, young children and elderly:

Back 28

LOBAR

BRONCHIAL

Front 29

Incubation:

S/S:

Back 29

1-3 days

Fever, chills, HA,Cough, chest pain, disorientation,sob

Front 30

DX;

If positive for this form it will have a positive zomne of inhibition. If negative -No zone.

Back 30

Sputum and resp culture.
Gram stain, hemolysis, and special Optichin- Optichin is antibiotic that is sensitive to this form of pneumonia.

Front 31

Tx for streptococci pneumoniae:

Loves Heme factors:

Back 31

Universally responds to PCN, takes 24-48 hours.

X and V factors
X= heme
V= NAD factor

Front 32

This is a gram negative rod, that is non-motile and loves heme:

Back 32

Hemophilus influenza

Front 33

Naturally acquired disease, found in infants and small children, may be seen in adults, bacterial form of influenza.

Back 33

Hemophilus influenza

Front 34

Resp culture uses this every time:

To test for this influenze use:
Main method:

Back 34

Chocolate plate

Chocolate plate and quad plate.
Quad plate.

Front 35

X and V are not :

Diagnosis:

TX:

Back 35

Hemolytic

Resp culture, PCR, Blood culture
3rd generation Cephalosporins

Front 36

Hemophilus influenzae s/s:

Back 36

Upper resp tract, nasopharyngitis, sinusits-otitis. Can lead to bacteremia. and painful joints or meningitis.

Front 37

Whooping cough is caused:
Is gram ___

Found in _________

Back 37

Bordetella pertussis-
Gram negative coccobacillus

Resp tract

Front 38

vaccination is:

Back 38

PTX (pertussis toxin)

Front 39

Whooping cough is a gram _____?

Back 39

Negative coccobacillis

Front 40

Sputum culture versus saliva can tell by:

Back 40

Saliva has epithelial cells and sputum does not.

Front 41

Whooping cough is highly:

Direct contact:
Still contagious after:

Back 41

Communicable and contagious.
Nasal,oral, and resp secretions.
3 weeks.

Front 42

Incubagtion period:

3 distinct stages:

Back 42

1-2 weeks

Catarrhal- last 1-2 weeks
Paroxymal -last 2-3 weeks
Convalescent- last 3-16 weeks

Front 43

In catarrhal stage symptoms:

In paroxymal stage:

Back 43

mild cough, fever, runny nose

Paroxyms - burst of coughing-whooping- with gasping for air.

Front 44

Convalescent stage:

Back 44

Cough slowly decreases over 3-16 weeks.

Front 45

Complications of whooping cough:

Infants under age are at risk:

Back 45

Death related to bacterial pneumonia, ear infections,seizures, loss of appetite, dehydration,wt loss and hypoxia.
less than six months

Front 46

Diagnosis:

PCR looks at:
ELISA looks at:

Back 46

( also presumptive on symptoms)Nasopharyngeal aspirate or nasal swab
Bordet-Gengou potato glycerol agar. PCR looks for DNA
ELISA looks at antigen

Front 47

TX for Whooping cough:

Back 47

Erythromycin

Front 48

Prevention:

Back 48

Vaccination
DPat- children
Tdap- adults every 10 years.

Front 49

Whooping cough is still contagious after:

Back 49

3 weeks

Front 50

Humans are the sole:

Back 50

resvoir for whooping cough

Front 51

TB is caused by:
ACID fast:

Back 51

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Rod

Front 52

Characteristics:

Back 52

aerobic, slow grower, mycolic acid wax found in cell wall

Front 53

Symptoms of TB:

Back 53

Chest pain, weight loss, night sweats, coughing up blood and sputum, no appetite, weakness or fatigue.

Front 54

Classic TB sign:

Back 54

Bad cough greater than 3 weeks.

Front 55

DX by:
Flourescense stain is just a _

Definitive dx is done by:

Back 55

Sputum or tissue culture. Bronchial washings/lung tissue. ACID FAST STAIN
SCREEN
State lab.

Front 56

DRUGS for TB:

Back 56

Triple therapy. 4 main drugs.
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol,Pyrazinamide.

Front 57

Screened with :

Back 57

PPD test. SQ. Wheal formation. Induration size. 5-10-15

Front 58

Small changes to antigens with time:

Back 58

Antigenic shift

Front 59

Large changes that completely alter antigen appearance:

Back 59

Antogenic drift- large changes with Swine influenze novus and H1N1 Novus antigenic DRIFT.

Front 60

Influenza is ___ based.

Back 60

RNA virus

Front 61

Two types of Influenza:
Human strains are:
Avian strains:

Back 61

Type A and B
H1 and H3 and rare H9
H5, H7

Front 62

Type B is human and has 2 strains:

Back 62

Shanghai and Malaysia

Front 63

S/S of influenza:

Back 63

High fever, headache and severe fatigue, dry cough,sore throat, stuffy nose, body aches and n/v/d.

Front 64

Diagnosis:

Back 64

Rapid flu test-
PCR- is very specific and few places of subtypes.

Front 65

catches most positive cases, n

Back 65

High sensitivity 70%

Front 66

not many false positives,

Back 66

high specificity 90%

Front 67

Influenza treatment:

Back 67

Tamiflu (which is becoming resistant)
Relenza