Micro Test 2 - Lecture 2

Front 1

What is an AMP? What are it's properties? What is it used for?

Back 1

an antimicrobial peptide, used in the chemical method of defense. They are CATIONIC to bind to - surface receptors

Front 2

What are the 2 classes of PRRs?

Back 2

Collectins and Ficolins

Front 3

What are the 2 Collectins? What are collectin structures?

Back 3

Mannose-Binding Lectin, and SP-A

structure is 3 collectin molecules form to recognize sugars on a surface

Front 4

Which PRR binds sugars such as n-acetyl glycosamine/glucosamine and Fucose?

Back 4

Ficolin

Front 5

What are the 3 pathways of the Complement System?

Back 5

Classic, Alternative and Lectin

Front 6

Which complement system pathway involves Ficolins and Collectin? Explain the rest of the system (6 Steps)

Back 6

The Lectin pathway.

1. These PRRs associate w/ MASP,
2. which cleaves C2/C4
3. which then attach as C2/4b to the microbe.
4. C3 convertase then makes C3b,
5. which attaches DIRECTLY TO MICROBE,
6. allows for c5 convertase

Front 7

What does the CLASSICAL complement system pathway involve to activate? Explain the rest of the system (8)

Back 7

Antibodies attaching to the microbe

1. The ab's allow for C1s, c1q, C1r to access the microbe for proteolysis
2. C4 cleaved to C4b/a
3. C4b coats microbe
4. C2 cleaved
5. C2b binds C4b
6. C3 convertase makes C3b/a
7. C3b connects to C4b
8. C5 convertase cleaves C5

Front 8

What does the alternative complement system pathway rely on to activate? explain the rest of the system (7steps)

Back 8

Direct recognition of microbes by C3,

1. Factor D cleaves B in Bb and Ba

2. Bb binds to C3-H2O
3. Bb Cleaves C3
4. C3b attaches to microbe
5. Bb attaches to C3b
6. C3 convertase makes more C3b to attach to microbe
7. C5 convertase made

Front 9

Explain the "late stage" - LYSIS path common to the 3 pathways of complement system.

Back 9

C5 convertase cleaves C5 to C5b and a
2. C5b binds C3b
3. C6/7/8 insert into membrane and bind to C5b
4. C9 inserts into membrane
5. cell lysis

Front 10

What are the 3 possible outcomes of the complement pathway

Back 10

Lysis, Inflammation or Opsonization

Front 11

Explain the "late stage" - Inflammation path common to the 3 pathways of complement system.

Back 11

C3a/C4a/C5a recruit leukocytes, which destroy microbes

Front 12

Explain the "late stage" - Opsonization path common to the 3 pathways of complement system.

Back 12

after C3b binds to the microbe,
2. phagocytes have a C3b receptor and bind
3. kill microbe

Front 13

What are the 4 ways our OWN CELLS inhibit the complement system?

Back 13

C1 inhibitor, Factor I, Factor H, and C4-binding protein

Front 14

How does Factor I inhibit the complement system? What is it produced by?

Back 14

Cleaves C3b and C4b, by own cells

Front 15

how does Factor H inhibit complement (2ways)? What is it produced by?

Back 15

Causes dissociation of C3 CONVERTASE (acts as a cofactor to Fact I for C3b)
by Own cells

Front 16

How does C4 binding protein inhibit complement system? What is it produced by?

Back 16

Dissociates C3 convertase, cofactor of Fact I for C4b

by own cells

Front 17

What are the 4 ways MEMBRAIN PROTEINS inhibit complement system?

Back 17

Membrane Cofactor protein, Decay accelerating factor, Cd59, Type 1 complement receptor

Front 18

How does membrane cofactor protein inhibit complement system? What is it produced by?

Back 18

it is a cofactor for Fact-I c3b/c4b
by membrane protein

Front 19

How does Decay accelerating factor inhibit complement system? What is it produced by?

Back 19

Dissociates C3 convertase
by membrane protein

Front 20

How does Cd59 inhibit complement system? What is it produced by?

Back 20

Blocks C9 binding
Membrane protein

Front 21

How does Type 1 complement receptor inhibit complement system(2ways)? What is it produced by?

Back 21

Dissociates C3 convertase,
Cofactor of Fact I C3b/C4b
membrane proteins

Front 22

How does Cd59 work? What if it malfunctions?

Back 22

it prevents C8-C9 binding, if wrong, it allows C9 to form pores in normal cells

Front 23

Which PRR binds sugars such as n-acetyl glycosamine/glucosamine and Fucose?

Back 23

Ficolin

Front 24

What are the 3 pathways of the Complement System?

Back 24

Classic, Alternative and Lectin

Front 25

Which complement system pathway involves Ficolins and Collectin? Explain the rest of the system (6 Steps)

Back 25

The Lectin pathway.

1. These PRRs associate w/ MASP,
2. which cleaves C2/C4
3. which then attach as C2/4b to the microbe.
4. C3 convertase then makes C3b,
5. which attaches DIRECTLY TO MICROBE,
6. allows for c5 convertase

Front 26

What does the CLASSICAL complement system pathway involve to activate? Explain the rest of the system (8)

Back 26

Antibodies attaching to the microbe

1. The ab's allow for C1s, c1q, C1r to access the microbe for proteolysis
2. C4 cleaved to C4b/a
3. C4b coats microbe
4. C2 cleaved
5. C2b binds C4b
6. C3 convertase makes C3b/a
7. C3b connects to C4b
8. C5 convertase cleaves C5

Front 27

What does the alternative complement system pathway rely on to activate? explain the rest of the system (7steps)

Back 27

Direct recognition of microbes by C3,

1. Factor D cleaves B in Bb and Ba

2. Bb binds to C3-H2O
3. Bb Cleaves C3
4. C3b attaches to microbe
5. Bb attaches to C3b
6. C3 convertase makes more C3b to attach to microbe
7. C5 convertase made

Front 28

Explain the "late stage" - LYSIS path common to the 3 pathways of complement system.

Back 28

C5 convertase cleaves C5 to C5b and a
2. C5b binds C3b
3. C6/7/8 insert into membrane and bind to C5b
4. C9 inserts into membrane
5. cell lysis

Front 29

What are the 3 possible outcomes of the complement pathway

Back 29

Lysis, Inflammation or Opsonization

Front 30

Explain the "late stage" - Inflammation path common to the 3 pathways of complement system.

Back 30

C3a/C4a/C5a recruit leukocytes, which destroy microbes

Front 31

Explain the "late stage" - Opsonization path common to the 3 pathways of complement system.

Back 31

after C3b binds to the microbe,
2. phagocytes have a C3b receptor and bind
3. kill microbe

Front 32

What are the 2 pathways of Phagocytosis killing?

Back 32

NO or O2

Front 33

What are the methods of the O2 pathway of phagocytosis?

Back 33

NADPH oxidase rapid O2 production
Superoxide Dismutase production of H2O2
myelo peroxidase

Front 34

What is the method of the NO path of phagocytosis?

Back 34

iNOS generates reactive NO free radical

Front 35

What sequence to PRRs recognize? What are the 2 types?

Back 35

PAMPs - pathogen associated Molecular pattern - membrane associated, and endosome associated

Front 36

What are the Membrane associated PRRs?

Back 36

TLR2 - Lipoproteins
TLR4 - LPS
TLR5 - Flagella

Front 37

What are the Endosome associated PRRs?

Back 37

TLR3 - ds MicrobialRNA
TLR7 - ss Viral RNA
TLR8 - ss Viral RNA
TLR9 - unmeth CPG motif of bact/viral DNA

Front 38

What are the 3 domains of a TLR? Which has the signaling domain?

Back 38

Extracell domain, transmembrane domain and Intracell domain
Intracell has TIR domain - signaling

Front 39

What are the 2 steps neccesary in TLR/NLR interaction?

Back 39

1. Initiation of Tx by TLR of Precursor IL1Beta
2. Activation of Capsase 1 NLRP to cleave precursor IL1 beta

Front 40

What is necessary for NLRP3 to interact w/ Pro-capsase1?

Back 40

ASC which has 2 domains, 1 to bind PYD of NLRP3, and CARD to interact w/ Pro-capsase1

Front 41

What happens when NLRP3 is inactiavated?

Back 41

Overproduction of IL1beta, leads to rash from cold

Front 42

What is the purpose of RIG-I and RIG-I like helicase? What are the 3 types?

Back 42

THey activate Interferon production, classes RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2

Front 43

What do the 3 classes of Rig-I's do?

Back 43

RIGI and MDA5 sense nucleic acid of viruses, activate IFN production

LGP2 regulates those 2

Front 44

Of the Rig I classes, which sense Long ds RNA?
which sense short ds RNA?
which senses 5' Tripohsphate ssRNA?

Back 44

1 - mda5
2 - RIGI
3 - RIGI