Micro Test 2 Chapter 8B

Front 1

Aerobic Respiration

Back 1

Principal energy

Front 2

Aerobic Respiration

Back 2

Glucose is the starting compound

Front 3

Aerobic Respiration

Back 3

Provides both ATP and metabolic intermediates

Front 4

Principal energy

Back 4

yielding scheme for aerobic heterotrophs

Front 5

Glycolysis

Back 5

Oxidation of glucose begins in the cytosol with glycolysis

Front 6

Glycolysis

Back 6

only 2 ATP net

Front 7

Glycolysis

Back 7

most energy remains in pyruvate & NADH

Front 8

Pyruvic Acid

Back 8

Important position in several pathways

Front 9

Pyruvic Acid

Back 9

In strictly aerobic organisms and some anaerobes, pyruvic acid enters the Kerbs cycle

Front 10

TCA Cycle

Back 10

2 Pyruvates enter reaction, form acetyl-CoA

Front 11

TCA Cycle End Products

Back 11

2 FADH2
6 NADH
2 ATP

Front 12

Critically Important Pathway

Back 12

Metabolites of TCA cycle are generated by most of the cell’s catabolic pathways

Front 13

Critically Important Pathway

Back 13

Fatty acid catabolism

Front 14

Fatty acid catabolism

Back 14

acetyl coA is endpoint

Front 15

Fatty acid catabolism

Back 15

produces 1 NADH & 1 FADH2

Front 16

Fatty acid catabolism

Back 16

explains why fats are such a storehouse of energy

Front 17

Major products of glycolysis

Back 17

NADH and FADH2

Front 18

Aerobic Respiration

Back 18

Maximum yield of 38 ATPs

Front 19

Aerobic Respiration

Back 19

6 CO2 molecules generated in Krebs cycle

Front 20

Aerobic Respiration

Back 20

6 O2 molecules consumed during electron transport

Front 21

Aerobic Respiration

Back 21

6 net H2O molecules are produced

Front 22

6 net H2O molecules are produced

Back 22

6 made in electron transport
2 made in glycolysis
2 used in Krebs cycle

Front 23

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 23

Non-oxygen electron acceptors as the final electron acceptor

Front 24

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 24

The nitrate and nitrite reduction systems are best known, using the enzyme nitrate reductase

Front 25

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 25

Denitrification

Front 26

Denitrification

Back 26

when enzymes can further reduce nitrite to nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen gas- important in recycling nitrogen in the biosphere

Front 27

Fermentation in Microbes

Back 27

Alcoholic beverages
Dairy products
Vitamins, antibiotics, and hormones

Front 28

Fermentation

Back 28

The incomplete oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen

Front 29

Fermentation

Back 29

Yields a small amount of ATP

Front 30

Fermentation

Back 30

Many bacteria can grow as fast using fermentation as they would in the presence of oxygen

Front 31

Fermentation

Back 31

possible by an increase in the rate of glycolysis

Front 32

Fermentation

Back 32

Permits independence from oxygen

Front 33

Alcoholic Fermentation Products

Back 33

ethanol and CO2

Front 34

Acidic Fermentation Products

Back 34

Lactic acid
Human muscle

Front 35

Aerobic Exercise

Back 35

Designed to allow muscles to continue using O2 (and not produce lactic acid)

Front 36

Photocenter

Back 36

Several hundred chlorophyll molecules act together as one unit

Front 37

Photocenter

Back 37

reaction-center chlorophyll

Front 38

Photocenter

Back 38

other molecules act as antenna

Front 39

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Back 39

energy from sunlight is absorbed and stored as chemical energy in ATP & NADPH

Front 40

Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

Back 40

carbs are synthesized from CO2 using energy from ATP & NADPH

Front 41

Events of Photosynthesis

Back 41

Plant life on earth converts 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbs every year!

Front 42

Light-Dependent Reactions

Back 42

Electrons travel from water to NADPH

Front 43

Light-Dependent Reactions

Back 43

PSII produces O2

Front 44

Light-Dependent Reactions

Back 44

PSI produces NADPH

Front 45

Light-Dependent Reactions

Back 45

8 photons are absorbed to get 1 O2 and 2 NADPH

Front 46

Light-Dependent Reactions

Back 46

Produces proton gradient that is used to make ATP

Front 47

Light-Independent Reactions

Back 47

Occur in the chloroplast stroma or the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria

Front 48

Light-Independent Reactions

Back 48

Use ATP produced by the light rxs to synthesize sucrose

Front 49

Mechanisms of Photosynthesis

Back 49

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Front 50

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Back 50

Oxygenic (oxygen-releasing) photosynthesis

Front 51

Mechanisms of Photosynthesis

Back 51

Green and Purple bacteria

Front 52

Green and Purple bacteria

Back 52

Possess bacteriochlorophyll

Front 53

Green and Purple bacteria

Back 53

Only have a cyclic photosystem I

Front 54

Green and Purple bacteria

Back 54

Use H2, H2S, or elemental sulfur rather than H2O as a source of electrons

Front 55

Green and Purple bacteria

Back 55

They are anoxygenic (non-oxygen-producing); many are strict anaerobes