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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the buildup of small molecules, products are large molecules, photosynthesis, mediated by enzymes, energy generally is required, endergonic.
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anabolism
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breakdown of large molecules, products are small molecules, glycolysis, krebs cycle, mediated by enzymes, energy generally is rleased, exergonic
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catabolism
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the substance acted upon by the enzyme is called the ______, and the products formed are termed _____
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substrate, products
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sequence of chemical reactions, each reacction catalyzed by a different enzyme
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metabolic pathway
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the final end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme in that pathway; if the first enzyme in the pathway is inhibited then no product is available to feed the rest of the pathway
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feeback inhibition
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when the final end product or any molecule binds to a non ative site on the enzyme the shap eof the active site changes and acan nol longer bind substrate.
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non competitive inhibition
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if a molecule resmembles the normal substrat, it will sit in the active site, this __ doesnt allow the normal substarte to bind
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competitive inhibition
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Heat alters the ______ structure of enzymes.
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tertiary structure
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in prokaryotes the ATP is ofrmed on the _______.
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cell membrane
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ATP provides the needed energy for activities such as ____,____, and _______. On a more hcemical level it fuels ____ and _______.
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binary fiision, flagellar motion, and spore formation. protein syntheiss and carbohydrate breakdown.
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ATP molecules are relatively ______
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unstable
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ADP molecules are _____
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more stable
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the freeing of the phosphate is the breaking of a high energy bond giving the means to which _________.
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work can be done
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the addition of a phosphate group to another moleule is called ________
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phosphorylation
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Because ATP can not be stored(unstable), prokaryotic cells synthesize large organic compounds like ______ and _____ for energy storage.
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glycogen or lipids
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the process of converting chemical energy into cellulr energy in the form of ATP;(virtually all cells make ATP by harvesting energy from exergonic metabolic pathways)
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cellular respiration
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if cells consume oxygen in making ATP the catabolic process is called _______
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aerobic respiration
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cell can make almost equally substantial amount of ATP without using oxygen in which case it is called ________
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anaerobic respirtation
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the splitting of glucose called ____, occurs in the cytosol of prokaryotes and involves a metbaolic pathways that converst ONE initial 6 carbon substrate glucose, into TWO 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate
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glycolysis
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In glycolysis between glucose and the formation of pyruvate _______ are formed; each catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
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eight intermediates are formed
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end product formed is used as one substrate to initiate the pathway, all rxn are catalyzed by enzymes and all take place aloe the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells.
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krebs cycle
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Before the two pyruvate molecules enter the Krebs cycle they undergo what sort of change?
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an enzyme revmoves a carbon atom from each of the two pyruvate molecules and relases the carbons as two carbon dioxide molecules the remaining two carbon atoms or pyruvate are combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
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the loss and transport of electron will enable ADP to be phosphorylated to ATP through
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oxidative phosphoryltation
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pairs of electrons are passed from on ehcemical substance to another
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electron transport
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the energy relased during their passage is used to combine phosphate with ADP to form ATP
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ATP synthesis
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where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
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the cell membrane of prokaryotes
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oxidative phosphorylation is responsible for producting ___ molecules of ATP per glucose.
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34
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during oxidative phosphoryltaion, the electrons once gained in glycolysis and Krebs cycle will now be passed off to electron carriers known as _______
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cytochromes
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