Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
TH1 type immune responses such as interferon gamma and inflammatory responses are important for combating intracellular bacteria.
T/F |
True
|
|
|
Which of the following may not be found in the lymph system?
a) complement proteins b) white blood cells c) antigens d) red blood cells e) antibodies |
C-red blood cells
|
|
|
Which of the following are the best immunogens?
a) proteins b) carbohydrates c) nucleic acids d) lipids |
A-proteins
|
|
|
Patients with AIDS:
a) make antibiotics b) do not make antibodies c) make antibodies d) do not make antigens |
C-Make antibodies
|
|
|
____________ such as toxin of S. aureus may activate CD4 T cells. This promotes the production of large amounts of cytokines, which could be fatal to the activated T cell
|
Super antigens
|
|
|
Which antibody is the characteristic of the primary response?
a) IgE b) IgD c) IgM d) IgG e) IgA |
C- IgM
|
|
|
An injection of pooled human gamma globulin may proved passive immunity to humans from hepatitis A because it contains _________________
|
antibodies
|
|
|
The only class of antibody that can cross the placenta is:
a) IgD b) IgM c) IgE d) IgA e) IgG |
E- IgG
|
|
|
Which is not a characteristic of B cells?
a) originate in bone marrow b) are responsible for antibody formation c) have antibody on their surface d) mature in thymus |
D-mature in thymus
|
|
|
The secondary response:
a) all answers are correct b) is the result of re-exposure to an immunogen c) consists of mainly IgG d) reaches a higher titer than primary response e) lasts longer than primary response |
A- all answers are correct
|
|
|
Non specific or innate resistance is:
|
The body's defenses against any kind of pathogen
|
|
|
Cytotoxic T cells are activated by:
a) antigen-presenting cells b) B cells c) antibodies d) helper T cells |
D-helper T cells
|
|
|
What is the body's first response to viral infections?
a) lysozyme b) interferon c) plasmids d) restriction enzymes e) phagocytes |
B-interferon
|
|
|
Which of the following are the main players in cell-mediated immunity?
a) red blood cells b) antibodies c) T-cells d) B-cells e) complement system |
C-T cells
|
|
|
Immune cells communicate through which of the following?
a) perforins b) complements c) antibodies d) antigens e) cytokines |
E-cytokines
|
|
|
Perforin is produced by ________, which results in cell _________.
|
NK cells, lysis
|
|
|
In addition to phagocytosis, macrophages also trigger acute-phase response by releasing compounds such as IL-1. IL-1 can trigger:
a)none of the choices b) fever c) tissue damage d) tumoricidal activity |
B-fever
|
|
|
Type I hypersensitivity is caused by:
a) IgG b) IgA c) IgE d) IgM |
C-IgE
|
|
|
AIDS patients have a CD4 cell deficiency and they are susceptible to life threatening viral infections. Knowing this, you can conclude that
a) viruses are hard to treat b) helper T cells are important in fighting viruses c) antibodies are impoartant in fight virurses d) viral infections can be fatal |
B-helper T cells are important in fighting viruses
|
|
|
Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?
a) spleen b) tonsil c) thymus d) lymph node |
C-thymus
|
|
|
Antigens are processed and presented by:
a) cytotoxic T cells b) macrophages c) mast cells d) erythrocytes |
B-macrophages
|
|
|
Which of the following is not an immume complex disease?
a) rheumatic fever b) hemolytic disease of the newborn c) glomerolonephritis d) systemic lupus erythematosus |
B-hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
|
|
The most abundant class of antibodies in serum:
a) IgM b) IgA c) IgG d) IgE e) IgD |
C-IgG
|
|
|
Immunity acquired by transplacental transfer is called:
a) naturally acquired passive immunity b) artificially acquired passive immunity c) naturally acquired active immunity d) artificially acquired active immunity |
A-naturally acquired passive immunity
|
|
|
Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell?
a) neutrophils b) eosinophils c) natural killer cells d) macrophages |
C-natural killer cells
|
|
|
Which of the following produces hydrolytic enzymes such as lysozyme?
a) macrophages b) complement system c) red blood cells d) T cells e) B cells |
A-macrophages
|
|
|
Which of the following is especially designed against bacterial infection?
a) T cells b) complement system c) macrophages d) B cells |
B-complement system
|
|
|
T/F: DiGeorge is caused by T cell deficiency
|
True
|
|
|
What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?
a) they produce antibodies b) they lyse virus-infected cells c) they activate B cells d) they phagocytize pathogens |
B-they lyse virus-infected cells
|
|
|
Antibodies can have all of the following effects on target cells except:
a)lysis b) opsonization c) neutralization d) agglutination |
A-lysis
|
|
|
Assume you mix red blood cells, antibodies against red blood cells, and complement in a test tube. What would you see?
a) phagocytosis b) agglutination of the RBCs c) opsonization d) lysis of the RBCs |
D-lysis of the RBCs
|
|
|
A lysosome:
a) hydrolyzes peptidoglycan b) is an enzyme c) is an organelle in WBCs d) destroys gram-positive cell walls |
C-is an organelle in WBCs
|
|
|
The Fc region of an antibody can attach to all of the following except:
a) natural killer cells b) antigen c) macrophages d) mast cells |
B-antigen
|
|
|
The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin:
a) is embedded in the T cells b) interacts with immunogens c) binds to the epitopes d) interacts with complement system and macrophages |
D-interacts with complement system and macrophages
|
|
|
Antigen refers to foreign molecules entering a host. They have to have certain characteristics, and not every molecule triggers the immune system the same way. Which of the following is not true of antigens
a) lipids,proteins and LPS are all antigens b) if a foreign molecule doesn't trigger the immune system it is not called an antigen c) LPS and teichoic acid are both antigenic compounds d) the size of the molecule (antigen) is irrelevent |
D- the size of the molecule is irrelevent
|
|
|
These membrane proteins play a major role in body's rejection of transplant organ and tissue:
a) antibodies b) complement system c) cytokines d) MHC proteins |
D-MHC proteins
|
|
|
Transplant rejection is:
a) type I hypersensitivity b) type III hypersensitivity c) type IV hypersensitivity d) type II hypersensitivity |
C-type IV hypersensitivity
|
|
|
The specificity of an antibody is due to the:
a) varable portions of heavy and light chain b) constant portions of the heavy and light chain c) divalance nature of the molecule d) variable portion of the heavy chain e) variable portion of the light chain |
A-variable portions of the heavy and light chain
|
|
|
An MHC is a(n):
a) cytokine b) antigen-presenting cell c) phagocyte d) self protein |
D-self protein
|
|
|
Vaccination eliminates diseases such as smallpox and polio by:
a) eliminating susceptible hosts b) curing infected people c) all of these d) killing pathogens |
A-eliminating susceptible hosts.
|
|
|
Immunity due to an injection of diphtheria toxoid is an example of:
a) artificially acquired active immunity b) artificially acquired passive immunity c) naturally acquired active immunity d) naturally acquired passive immunity |
A-artificially acquired active immunity
|
|
|
Plasma cells are:
a) B cells b) terminally differentiated c) antibody factories d) all answers are correct |
D-all answers are correct
|
|
|
the rise in temperature that causes a fever is due to the hypothalamus responding to:
a) IL2 b) complement c) IL1 d) gram-negative bacteria |
D-gram negative bacteria
|
|
|
Which is not a nonspecific defense mechanism?
a) skin b) antibody c) fever d) inflammation |
B-antibody
|
|
|
Which of the following is/are part of the antimicrobial defense for infectious agents?
a) antibody b) neutrophils c) macrophages d) complement e) all of the above |
E-all of the above
|
|
|
T/F: Development of immune tolerance can happen at any age.
|
False
|
|
|
Immunity due to injection of a new antigen:
a)autoimmunity b) nonspecific immunity c) innate immunity d) acquired active immunity e) acquired passive immunity |
D-acquired active immunity
|
|
|
Blood transfusion adverse reactions are examples of:
a) type III autoimmunity b) type II hypersensitivity c) type IV hypersensitivity d) type I autoimmunity |
B-type II hypersensitivity
|
|
|
The other name for antibody is:
a) hapten b) erythrocyte c) cytokine d) epitope e) immunoglobulin |
E-immunoglobulin
|
|
|
Antibody may block the progression of disease by _____ of cell free virus.
a) neutralization b) opsonization c) none of the above d) both of the above |
D-both of the above
|
|
|
To detect antibodies against HIV in a patient, you would use a(n):
a) direct agglutination test b) indirect ELISA c) fluorescence-activated cell sorter d) direct fluorescent antibody test |
B-indirect ELISA
|
|
|
Which of the following is not part of the immune system:
a) RBCs b) WBCs c) spleen d) lymphocytes e) lymph nodes |
A-RBCs
|
|
|
_____ is an early defense mechanism to contain an infection, prevent spread and signal subsequent specific immune responses.
a) acute inflammation b) NK cells c) macrophages d) non of the above |
A-acute inflammation
|
|
|
Serology is:
a) the study of interaction between antigen and antibody b) the study of blood diseases c) the study of prevalence of diseases d) the study of immune system components e) the study of infectious diseases |
A-the study of interaction between antigen and antibody
|
|
|
Which of the following is not a protection mechanism against infectious agents?
a) skin b) RBCs c) WBCs d) humoral immunity |
B-RBCs
|
|
|
The primary protective response to fungal infection are promoted by:
a) IgE b) none- T cell mediated c) TH1-mediated inflammatory reaction d) interferon |
C-TH-mediated inflammatory reaction
|
|
|
Immunodeficiency could arise from defects in:
a) phagocytes b) B cell c) T cell d) all of the above |
D-all of the above
|
|
|
Lysosome produced by macrophages in phagolysosome degrades bacterial peptidoglycan (cell wall) T/F
|
True
|
|
|
T/F: WBCs are also called leukocytes
|
True
|
|
|
Immunity following recovery from chickenpox is an example of:
a) artificially acquired active immunity b) artificially acquired passive immunity c) naturally acquired active immunity d) naturally acquired passive immunity |
C-naturally acquired active immunity
|
|
|
How might mycobacterium resist the body's defense system?
a) develops resistance to lysozyme b) survives inside the macrophages by blocking its fusion with lysosome c) resists phagocytosis by possessing capsule |
B-survives inside the macrophages by blocking its fusion with lysosome
|
|
|
T/F: the heavy chain is coded by V,D, and J gene segments
|
True
|
|
|
People deficient in T cell function are more susceptible to:
a) fungal infections b) worms c) extracellular parasites d) opportunistic infection by viruses. |
D-opportunistic infection by viruses
|
|
|
Type II hypersensitivity is mediated by:
a) any T cell b) antibody and complement c) TH1 cells d) none of the above |
B-antibody and complement
|
|
|
The amount of antibody titer produced during the primary response is:
a) less than that of the secondary response b) somewhat greater than that of the secondary response c) twice as high as that of the secondary response d) equal to that of the secondary response |
A-less than that of the secondary response
|
|
|
Hypersensitivity is due to:
a) the presence of antibodies b) innate immunity c) an altered immune response d) allergies e) the presence of antigens |
C-an altered immun response
|
|
|
Drugs such as AZT and ddC, currently used to treat AIDS act by:
a) stopping viral RNA synthesis b) neutralizing the HIV c) promoting antibody formation d) promoting antigen presence |
A-stopping viral RNA synthesis
|
|
|
Immunity is created when the body makes B cells and T cells specific for an antigen. This is an example of:
a) active immunity b) passive immunity |
A-active immunity
|
|
|
T/F: Helper T cells are responsible for manufacturing antibody
|
False
|
|
|
T/F: macrophages and monocytes are both phagocytic cells
|
True
|
|
|
How antibody may be effective against bacterial infection?
a) neutralize the toxins b) opsonization c) promote complement action d) block the attachment e) all of the above |
E-all of the above
|
|
|
The stem cells from which all blood cells arise are found in:
a) lymph node b) spleen c) thymus d) bone marrow |
D-bone marrow
|
|
|
Epitope....
a) is an antigenic determinant b) could be found in multiple numbers on an antigen c) interacts with a single antibody molecule d) all of the above |
D-all of the above
|
|
|
CD4 or CD8 could be found on the surface of:
a) T cells b) macrophages c) b cells |
A- T cells
|
|
|
Which one of the following leukocytes is not phagocytic?
a) lymphocytes b) monocytes c) eosinophils d) neutrophils |
A-lymphocytes
|
|
|
All of the following have a role in cell-mediated immunity except:
a) B cells b) helper T cells c) cytotoxic T cells d) activated macrophages |
A- B cells
|
|
|
Adjuvant:
a) is used to enhance the response to an antigen b) is used in vaccines c) promotes the uptake of the immunogen by macrophages d) prolongs the presence of antigens e) all of the above |
E-all of the above
|
|
|
T/F: B cells are easily distinguishable from T cells by morphological examination.
|
False
|
|
|
When you inject artificially acquired passive immunity to combat a snake bite, you are injecting what?
a) antigen b) snake venom c) penicillin d) antibodies |
D-antibodies
|
|
|
Allergic reactions may involve:
a) macrophages b) mast cells c) neutrophils d) monocytes |
B-mast cells
|
|
|
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease:
a) DiGeorge syndrome b) puerple sepsis c) rheumatoid arthritis d) enteric fever |
C-rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
Immediate type hypersensitivity involves all of the following except:
a) occurs almost immediately b) anaphylactic reaction c) mediated by T cells d) mediated by IgE antibodies e) allergic reaction to pollen and dust |
C-mediated by T cells
|
|
|
Which of the following binds to and destroys the extracellular bacteria?
a) acyclovir b) antibodies c) antigens d) complements e) interferon |
D-complements
|
|
|
Making antibodies against one's own molecules causes:
a) cell-mediated immunity b) non-specific immunity c) autoimmune diseases d) innate immunity e) passive immunity |
C-autoimmune diseases
|
|
|
How might viruses evade the immune system?
a) by having a protein coat b) by having an envelope c) by having RNA rather than DNA as genetic material d) by antigenic variation |
D-by antigenic variation
|
|
|
A vaccine consisting of an inactivated diphtheria toxin is called a(n):
a) conjugated vaccine b) subunit vaccine c) attenuated whole agent vaccine d) toxoid |
D-toxoid
|
|
|
Interferons are types of cytokines that are primarily produced in response to:
a) fungal infection b) protozoan infection c) viral infection d) bacterial infection |
C-viral infection
|
|
|
Class I MHC molecules are found on all nucleated cells.
T/F |
True
|
|
|
Hay fever, asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis are examples of:
a) type IV autoimmunity b) type III hypersensitivity c) type II autoimmunity d) type I hypersensitivity |
D-type I hypersensitivity
|
|
|
T/F: Autoimmune response is when body produces antibody against self antigen. This could be triggered by cross-reactivity with microbial antigens.
|
True
|
|
|
Antibodies found in mucus, saliva and tears.
a) IgA b) IgD c) IgG d) IgE e) IgM |
A-IgA
|
|
|
T/F: both T cells and B cells are lymphocytes
|
True
|
|
|
The variable region or antigen binding regions are located on:
a) only on light chain b) neither light nor heavy chain c) both light and heavy chain d) only on heavy chain |
C-both light and heavy chain
|
|
|
Which of the following antibodies provides evidence of an active infection when present?
a) IgG b) IgD c) IgM d) IgE |
C-IgM
|
|
|
Which of the following is not an anti-microbial action of antibodies?
a) phagocytosis b) activation of complement system c) neutralization d) opsonization e) agglutination |
A-phagocytosis
|
|
|
The body's first active defense against viral infections is:
a) lymphocytes b) leucocytes c) complements d) interferon |
D-interferon
|
|
|
Which antibody is most likely found in tears?
a) IgA b) IgM c) IgG d) IgE |
A- IgA
|
