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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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spirochetes gram stain, morphology
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gram negative
helical |
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spirochetes use ___ for motility, which is located between ___ and ___.
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an endoflagellum
peptidoglycan layer outer membrane |
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___ causes syphillis
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Treponema pallidum
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syphillis is transmitted by ___ (3)
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sexual intercourse
physically touching a chancre transplacentally to a fetus |
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___ is the characteristic lesion caused by infection. It contains ___.
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chancre
lots of T. pallidum |
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T/F: Chancres are present in infected men and women.
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true
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___ is used to detect spirochetes, instead of LM. This is because ___.
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dark-field microscopy
they're too small |
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primary syphillis is characterized by (3)
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chancre about 3 weeks after contact
spontaneous healing of chancre spread of infection to blood and lymph |
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during primary stage, syphillis is diagnosed by ___
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dark-field microscopy
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between primary and secondary stages, there is ___, which may last ___
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asymptomatic period
weeks/months |
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secondary syphillis is characterized by (3)
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generalized rash
papules (with T. pallidum) in anogenital, axillary, oral regions systemic symptoms: hepatitis, nephritis |
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after the secondary stage ___ occurs, lasting ___
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latent stage
years |
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tertiary syphillis is characterized by (3)
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neurodegenartion
cardiovascular lesions gummata |
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diagnosis during secondary and tertiary stages is via
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serology
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the serological test for syphillis is
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antibodies against cardiolipin
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T/F: cardiolipin antibodies are a specific marker for T. pallidum
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false: they show an autoimmune cross reaction
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syphillis treatment
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penicillin
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syphillis treatment for penicllin-allergic (2)
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tetracycline
doxycycline |
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T/F: there is no vaccine for syphillis
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true
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Bejel is caused by ___. It is transmitted by ___.
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T. pallidum endemicum
nonsexual physical contact |
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Bejel is endemic to ___ and is characterized by ___
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middle east, africa, asia, australia
facial malformation |
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Bejel treatment
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penicillin or tetracycline
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Yaws is caused by __.
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T. pertinue
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Yaws is endemic to ___ and is characterized by ___, followed by ___ and ___.
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tropics
a papule which becomes encrusted lymphadenitis growths on face, buttocks, liimbs |
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Yaws treatment
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penicillin G
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pinta is caused by ___. It is endemic to ___
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T. carateum
carribean, central america, northern south america |
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pinta transmission is by
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direct nonsexual physical contact
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pinta treatment
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penicillin G
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3 pathogenic Borrelia species and their diseases
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B. burgorferi: Lyme disease
B. recurrentis: relapsing fever B. hermsii: relapsing fever |
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B. burgdorferi vector
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deer tick
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B. recurrentis vector
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human body louse
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B. hermsii vector
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soft-shelled tick
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stage 1 of Lyme disease is characterized by ___, for a period of ___
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erythema chronicum migrans (red, flat outward-spreading rash)
days |
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stage 2 of Lyme disease is characterized by ___ (3), for a period of ___
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arthritis
CNS symptoms cardiac disease weeks/months |
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stage 3 of Lyme disease is characterized by ___ (2)
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chronic arthritis
encephalopathy |
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diagnosis of Borrelia infections (3)
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microscopy (LM, not DFM)
serology culture |
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treatment of Borrelia infections (4)
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doxycycline
amoxycillin cefuroxime axetil IV treatment for arthritis |
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Sewerman's flu, swineherd's disease, and many others are caused by ___.
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Leptospira interrogans
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transmission of Leptospira
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skin contact with animal (rodent/livestock/pet) urine
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Leptospirosis presents with (2) and occasionally (5)
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FCHM
conjuctival erythema meningitis jaundice renal failure hemorrhage anemia |
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diagnosis of Leptospirosis
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microscopy (LM, DFM, immunofluorescence)
serology PCR |
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treatment of Leptospirosis
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penicillin
tetracyclines |
