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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the morphologic characteristics of Treponema palladium?
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Spiral, motile, gram stain ineffective.
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What provides T. palladium's motility?
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Periplasmic flagella
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What media are used to grow out T. palladium?
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T. palladium can't be grown on artificial media.
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What's the disease associated with T. palladium?
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Syphilis
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Is syphilis solely an STD?
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No. Vertical transmission results in Congenital Syphilis.
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What's the route of entry for T. palladium?
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Microabrasions sustained during sex or transplacental infection during pregnancy.
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What are the stages of a syphilis infection?
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Primary - painless papule -> ulcerating chancre -> heals w/out scar
Secondary - disseminated, maculopapular truncal rash, spreading to limbs, palms and soles of feet. All organs susceptible. Latent - silent Tertiary - Neuro, cardio and gumma stage |
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When is syphilis contagious?
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Contact with primary chancre, open secondary lesions.
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What's the hallmark of primary syphilis?
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Indolent (painless) ulcerating chancre
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What's the hallmark of secondary syphilis?
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Variable rashes - Condyloma Lata (look like HPV)
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What's the major issue with latent syphilis infection?
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In utero vertical transmission may occur
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What's the major issue with tertiary syphilis infection?
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Significant morbidity/mortality
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How is T. pallidum diagnosed?
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Serologic tests
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What complication may accompany any Spirochaete treatment?
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction due to immune reactivity of endotoxins released by dead organisms.
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What T. pallidum subspecies is associated with cartilaginous disfigurement?
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T. pallidum pertenue. Clinical disease is Yaws.
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What is the most common vector-borne infection in the US?
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Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi
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What's the vector for Lyme Disease?
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Ixodes ticks
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Are humans an integral part of Lyme infection?
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No. B. burgdorferi is a zoonotic disease, and only incidentally infects humans.
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How does B. burgdorferi adapt to variable conditions (tic gut vs. human)?
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Variable regulation of OspA and OspC genes.
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What are the three stages of Lyme's Disease?
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1. Localized infection
2. Disseminated infection 3. Persistent infection |
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What classic rash is associated with primary B. burgdorferi infection?
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Erythema mirgrans - expanding annular rash at site of tick bite
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What is the most common component of persistent B. burgdorferi infection?
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Recurrent arthritis (60%)
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How is Lyme's Disease diagnosed?
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Early - clinical suspicion
Mid - serologic |
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Is Lyme's disease preventable?
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Yes, although the OspA vaccine is no longer available. Post-exposure prophylaxis is available (doxycycline). Tick inspections should be performed as well in endemic areas.
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What's the causative agent of Relapsing Fever?
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Borrelia recurrentis
B. hermsii B. turicata |
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What's the epidemiology of Relapsing fever?
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Tick borne (B. hermsii, B. turicata) - worldwide distribution, endemic in Western US
Louse borne - (B. recurrentis) NE and Central Africa |
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What accounts for the recurrence in relapsing fever?
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Cyclic antigenic variation of the bacteria results in periodic bacteremia and immune response
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How is Relapsing Fever diagnosed?
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Blood smears (insensitive if performed in asymptomatic phase)
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What zoonotic infection is associated with animal urine contact?
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Leptospira interrogans
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What route does L. interrogans infection follow?
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Skin abrasion or ingestion.
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What are the two phases of Anicteric Leptospirosis (90% of cases)?
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First/Septic Phase: Early dissemination, fever/chills, HA
Second/Immune Phase: Immunogenic from circulating AB. Severe HA, N/V, myalgia. |
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What major complication may result from Leptospirosis?
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Renal damage
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What form of L. interrogans infection is rapidly fatal?
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Icteric Leptospirosis/ Weil's Disease - progression to jaundice, anemia, shock and renal failure Mortality is 10% in second week.
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