Micro Skin, Bone, Joints, Wounds

Front 1

What are the characteristics of Acute Osteomyelitis

Back 1

-Abrupt onset
-Fever, localized pain, tenderness to palpation
-Heat, redness, and swelling as infection progresses
-Lab findings: Leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and sedimentation rate.

Front 2

What causes acute osteomyelitis in neonates

Back 2

S. aureus, Gp B Strep, E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 3

What causes osteomyelitis in older infants, children, and adults

Back 3

S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Kingella kingae

Front 4

When can chronic osteomyelitis occur

Back 4

Can occur with the agents responsible for acute osteomyelitis (especially if sequestrum has developed)
May also be indicative of granulomatous infectuion such as:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis

Front 5

What are the characterisitics of septic arthritis

Back 5

Abrupt onset
Pain, swelling of joint, fever, lost of mobility
One or more than one joint
Infection is acquired as osteomyelitis
Age-related distribution of causal agents

Front 6

What causes septic arthritis in those age 16-40 years

Back 6

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staph aureus

Front 7

What is a furuncle

Back 7

Skin abscess associated with follicule--epidermal

Front 8

What is a carbuncle

Back 8

Skin abscess (like furuncle) that involves dermis and subcuti--may be multiple

Front 9

What is erysipelas

Back 9

Spreading erythematous infection of dermis
Blocking of lymphatics
Typical on cheeks but also legs and feet

Front 10

What are the common causes of Ringworm (tinea) and what structure is involved

Back 10

Dermatophytes
(Epidermophyton, Microsporum Trichophyton)
Candida, Malezzesia
Keratinized epithelium is involved

Front 11

What are the common causes of impetigo, and what structure is involved

Back 11

Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes
The epidermis in involved

Front 12

What are the common causes of erysipelas

Back 12

Strep pyogenes
(Staph aureus)
The dermis is involved

Front 13

What are the common causes of Folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles

Back 13

Staph aureus
(Proprionobacterium acnes)
Hair follicles are involved

Front 14

What are the common causes of cellulitis and carbuncles

Back 14

Strep pyogenes
(Staph aureus)
Subcutaneous tissue and fat is involved

Front 15

What are the common causes of necrotizing fasciitis

Back 15

Strep pyogenes
Mixed microaerophilics and anaerobes
It involves the fascia

Front 16

What are the common causes of myonecrosis and gangrene

Back 16

Clostridium perfringens
(other clostridia)
Muscle is involved

Front 17

These are characterisitics of what bacteria:
Gram +, catalase -, beta hemolytic, cocci in pairs and chains
M protein (multiple types) provokes anti-self cross reactive antibodies
Produces streptolysins, streptokinases, DNases, C5A peptidases
Hyaluronic acid capsule

Back 17

Strep pyogenes (group A strep)

Front 18

These are characteristics of what bacteria:
Gram +, catalase +, coagulase +, beta hemolytic, cocci in pairs and clusters
Protein A, hemolysins, coagulase, fibriolysin, Enterotoxins, Exfoliatins,
TSST-1 hyaluronidase

Back 18

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 19

These are characteristics of what bacteria:
Gram positive, sporeforming, anaerobic rods
Found in gut and soil
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) aides in spread in tissue
Numerous other toxins advance tissue necrosis and spread infection

Back 19

Clostridium perfringens

Front 20

These are characteristics of what bacteria:
-Gram (-) bacillus
-Oxidase positive
-Glucose non-fermenting
-Lactose negative on MacConkey agar
-Pyocyanin pigment produced (fluorescent)
-Mucoid capsule

Back 20

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most life-threatening skin infection