Micro Set 2

Front 1

Intoxication

Back 1

*Ingestion of pre-formed
toxin and resulting signs and symptoms

Front 2

Infection

Back 2

*Pathogen enters the GI tract
and multiplies.

Front 3

Toxico-infection

Back 3

*Pathogen enters the GI tract, multiplies and produces a toxin in GI tract, causing illness.

Front 4

What are the signs/symp. of Dysentery?

Back 4

*severe diarrhea accompanied
by blood or mucus

Front 5

What type of toxin does Staphylococcus aureus release in bacterial food poisoning?

Back 5

*heat-stable enterotoxin

Front 6

What are the characteristic signs and symptoms for mumps?

Back 6

*parotitis

Front 7

What are the characteristic signs and symptoms for cholera?

Back 7

*rice-water stools

Front 8

What are the characteristic signs and symptoms for Entamoeba histolytica?

Back 8

*blood and mucous

Front 9

What are the characteristic signs and symptoms for Shigella dysenteriae?

Back 9

*blood and mucous

Front 10

fructose + S. mutans →

Back 10

lactic acid (attacks enamel)

Front 11

sucrose + S. mutans →

Back 11

glucose + fructose

Front 12

glucose + S. mutans →

Back 12

dextran (attachment factor)

Front 13

Characteristics of HAV?

Back 13

*naked ss (+) RNA virus

Front 14

Characteristics of HBV?

Back 14

*enveloped circular dsDNA virus with ssDNA gaps
and intermediate RNA stage

Front 15

What signs/symp. are associated with a helminth infection of Enterobius vermicularis?

Back 15

*perianal itching, irritability,
sleeplessness

Front 16

Characteristics of HCV?

Back 16

*enveloped ssRNA+

Front 17

What signs/symp. are associated with a helminth infection of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Back 17

*blockage and migration

Front 18

Signs and Symptoms of Giardia lamblia?

Back 18

*flagellate, very smelly loose fatty stools with excessive flatulence, weight loss

Front 19

What signs/symp. are associated with a helminth infection of Necator americanus?

Back 19

*iron deficiency anemia

Front 20

Signs and Symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica?

Back 20

*amoeba, dysentery

Front 21

What signs/symp. are associated with a helminth infection of Taenia solium?

Back 21

*maybe weight loss

Front 22

Signs and Symptoms of Cryptosporidium parvum?

Back 22

*sporozoan, self-limiting diarrhea in healthy people but life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised people

Front 23

Taenia solium is found in what?

Back 23

*Pork

Front 24

List the GI Toxico-Infections

Back 24

*Salmonellosis
*Campylobacter jejuni
*Clostridium perfringenes
*Shigellosis (bacillary
dysentery)
*Cholera
*ETEC, EHEC, EIEC
*Pseudomembranous
colitis

Front 25

List the GI Intoxications

Back 25

*Staphylococcus aureus
*Clostridium botulinum
*Clostridium perfringenes

Front 26

List the GI Infections

Back 26

*Typhoid fever (enteric
fever)

Front 27

What are the complications of a UTI?

Back 27

*Septicemia

Front 28

What are the complications of syphilis?

Back 28

*tertiary syphilis, congenital syphilis
(Hutchinson’s teeth, saddle nose, Saber shin, deafness)

Front 29

What did Robert Hooke do?

Back 29

Proposed cell theory; observed cork with microscope

Front 30

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do?

Back 30

*Discovered morgs; called them animalcules

Front 31

After a gram stain, what color are gram-negative organisms?

Back 31

*Pink-red

Front 32

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Back 32

*Proposed the germ theory; proposed aseptic techniques; pasteurization; developed anthrax and rabies vaccines

Front 33

What did Robert Koch do?

Back 33

*Developed microbiological media; developed Koch's Postulates

Front 34

What did Edward Jenner do?

Back 34

*Discovered the process of vaccination

Front 35

After a gram stain, what color are gram-positive organisms?

Back 35

*Purple

Front 36

What is common to both Gram+ and Gram- organisms and what is different?

Back 36

*Both have Peptidoglycan
*Neg: Lipopolysaccharide
*Pos: Teichoic acids

Front 37

What is competitive inhibition?

Back 37

*inhibitor binds to active
site

Front 38

What is Conjugation?

Back 38

*transfer of plasmid from F+
cell to F- cell. Involves cell to cell contact.

Front 39

What is non-competitive inhibition?

Back 39

*inhibitor binds somewhere else besides the active site, changing conformation of active site

Front 40

What is Transformation?

Back 40

*transfer of naked DNA

Front 41

Describe the stages of microbial growth and death

Back 41

*Lag: bacteria adjusting to medium, active enzymatically
*Log (exponential): most active growth
*Stationary: # of growing organisms = # of dying organisms
*Death: wastes build up, nutrients spent,most cells dying

Front 42

What is Transduction?

Back 42

*transfer of DNA with help of
a bacteriophage (bacterial virus)

Front 43

What do you use autoclaving for?

Back 43

*for glass, anything that can
withstand pressure, moisture, and temperature

Front 44

What do you use Ethylene oxide for?

Back 44

*for plastics, sutures,
stuff that would melt or can’t stand pressure.

Front 45

As an antibiotic, explain Quinolones (ciprofloxacin):

Back 45

*Inhibits DNA gyrase

Front 46

As an antibiotic, explain Aminoglycosides (gentamicin):

Back 46

*inhibit protein synthesis (prevents t-RNA from binding to 30S ribosome subunit); synergy with β-lactams

Front 47

As an antibiotic, explain Penicillins:

Back 47

*inhibit cell wall synthesis

Front 48

As an antibiotic, explain Tetracyclines:

Back 48

*inhibit protein synthesis (prevents
t-RNA from binding to 30S ribosome subunit)

Front 49

As an antibiotic, explain Erythromycin:

Back 49

*inhibit protein synthesis by
binding to 50S ribosome subunit

Front 50

As an antibiotic, explain Cephalosporins:

Back 50

*inhibit cell wall synthesis