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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Palivizumab
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RSV prophylaxis
Very Costly Monoclonal antibody targeting RSV F protein, preventing viral fusion with cell |
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Oseltamivir
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Influenza A & B
Only effective w/in first few days Inhibits neuraminidase, preventing viral budding from cell |
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Zanamavir
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Influenza A & B
Only effective w/in first few days Inhibits neuraminidase, preventing viral budding from cell |
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Amantidine
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Influenza A
Ion channel blocker, prevents virus from releasing RNA into cell |
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Acylcovir
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Herpes 1-3
IV only, not effective against latency, can be used prophylactically Thymidine analogue that halts DNA replication aftering being phosphorylated 3 times (first time by viral thymidine kinase) |
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Valacylcovir
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HERPES 1-3
Oral version of acyclovir Thymidine analogue that halts DNA replication aftering being phosphorylated 3 times (first time by viral thymidine kinase) |
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Gancicyclovir
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Herpes 1-5
Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia IV only, not effective against latency, can be used prophylactically Thymidine analogue that halts DNA replication after being phosphorylated 2 times |
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Foscarnet
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Herpes 1-5 resistant to Acyclovir or Gancyclovir
Nephrotoxic, electrolyte imbalances IV only, not effective against latency, can be used prophylactically Inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
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Cidofovir
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Herpes 1-5 resistant to Acyclovir or Gancyclovir
Nephrotoxic IV only, must be given with Probenecid Cytidine analogue that halts DNA replication after being phosphorylated |
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Ribavirin
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HCV
Teratogenic Given with IFN-a |
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IFN-a
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HBV, HCV
Given with ribavirin, linked to polyethylene glycol (PEG) to increase half-life |
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Entecavir
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HBV
oral formulation, cross resistance with Lamivudine, resistance rate rising, nice to use in HBV patients with HIV NRTI, Guanosine analogue |
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Lamivudine
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HBV, HIV
oral formulation, high levels of resistance NRTI, Cytidine analogue |
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Tenofovir
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HBV, HIV
Neprhotoxicity, problems with bone metabolism oral formulation, can be used when virus resistant to lamivudine and enecavir NRTI, Adenosine analogue |
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Zidovudine
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HIV
Bone marrow suppression, nausea, nail discoloration cleared by P450 NRTI, Thymidine analgoue |
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Emtricitabine
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HIV
Hyperpigmentation of palms and soles NRTI |
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Abacavir
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HIV
Hypersensitivity reaction in people with HLA-B5701 NRTI |
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Nevirapine
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HIV
Hepatotoxicity (especially in women with CD4>250 or men >400, or with HBV or HCV coinfection), rash, induces p450 NNRTI, allosteric inhibitor |
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Efavirenz
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HIV
dreams, drowsiness, diziness, depression, teratogen, rash skipped doses builds resistance rapidly NNRTI, allosteric inhibitor |
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Etravirine
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HIV
NNRTI, allosteric inhibitor |
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Lopinavir
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HIV
Pancreatitis Protease inhibitor |
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Atazanavir
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HIV
Hyperbilirubinemia, Renal dysfunction Requires acidic environment for absorption (no PPIs allowed) Protease inhibitor |
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Darunavir
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HIV
GI intolerance, rash Protease inhibitor |
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Fosamprenavir
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HIV
Oral paresthesias, GI intolerance, rash Lower pill burden Protease inhibitor |
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Tipranavir
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HIV
Intracranial hemorrhage, GI intolerance, hepatitis, rash Protease inhibitor |
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Raltegravir
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HIV
Integrase inhibitor |
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Maraviroc
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HIV
Entry blocker, CCR5 receptor blocker |
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Enfuvirtide
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HIV
Requires subcutaneous injection Entry blocker, envelope fusion (gp41) blocker |
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Clotrimazole
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mucocutaneous candidasis, dermatophytes
Topical Inhibits ergosterol production (P450 like enzyme) |
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Fluconazole
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Candida Albicans, coccidiodies and cryptococcal meningitis
Asymptomatic increase in liver enzymes, inhibits P450, nausea and vomiting Usually after amphotericin for crypto, good CSF penetration Inhibits ergosterol production (P450 like enzyme) |
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Itraconazole
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Candida Albicans, Aspergillus, Histo, Blasto, Sporo, paracoccidiodies, madurella, dermatophytes and onchiomycosis
Nausea and vomiting, osmotic diarrhea, hepatic, inhibits CYP3A4 (p450) Capsule form not well absorbed but solution form a little better, Inhibits ergosterol production (P450 like enzyme) |
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Voriconazole
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Very broad, DOC for invasive aspergillosis, not zygomycoses
visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting, moderate CYP3A4 (p450) inhibition Inhibits ergosterol production (P450 like enzyme) |
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Posaconazole
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Zygomycoses, eumycetoma, madurella, similar to vori
Good for cancer patients, requires fatty meal for absorption Inhibits ergosterol production (P450 like enzyme) |
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Amphotericin
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Crypto meningitis, mucormycosis, histo, and 2nd line for all other fungi
Nephrotoxicity, shaking chills, lose K, Na, Mg Combination with lipids reduces side effects Binds ergosterol, creating pores in fungal cell membrane |
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Caspofungin
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Candida, salvage for aspergillus
IV site irritation, mild fever headache, asymptomatic transaminase elevation Inhibit glucan synthesis for cell wall |
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Micafungin
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Candida, salvage for aspergillus
IV site irritation, mild fever headache, asymptomatic transaminase elevation Inhibit glucan synthesis for cell wall |
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Terbinafine
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Onchomycosis
Liver inflammation Different mechanism from azoles Inhibits ergosterol synthesis |
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Nystatin
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mucocutaneous candidasis
Super toxic if used IV Topical (swished around and swalloed or suppository) Binds ergosterol, creating pores in fungal cell membrane |
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Chloroquine
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Malaria
Bitter taste, headache, nausea, blurred vision, dizziness, can't use with psoriasis, retinal disease, or porphyria Weekly dosing, Falciparum resistance common, vivax resistance emerging |
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Quinine
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Malaria, Babesia
Hemolysis if G6PD deficient, hypoglycemia, cinchonism (hearing loss, headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance), rash (hives) Gin and tonics |
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Quinidine
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MALARIA, BABESIA
IV FORM OF QUININE emolysis if G6PD deficient, hypoglycemia, cinchonism (hearing loss, headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance), rash (hives) |
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Mefloquine
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Malaria
psychosis, ekg abnormalities, steven-johnson syndrome, vivid dreams, insomnia Weekly dosing |
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Atovaquone + Proguanil
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Malaria, Babesia
GI intolerance Pediatric tablets available, need higher dose for treatment than prophylaxis, some tissue schizont killing, can use for PCP if sulfa allergic |
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Artemesinin
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Malaria
Chinese wormwood, no prophylaxis |
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Doxycycline
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Malaria
Photosensitivity, esophagitis, vaginal candidiasis, tooth discoloration, bone growth problems in kids Daily dosing Inhibits 30S ribosome |
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Primaquine
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Malaria with Hypnozoites
Hemolysis if G6PD deficient No effect on erythrocytic forms, can use for PCP if sulfa allergic |
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Pyrimethamine
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Malaria, Toxoplasma in pregnant women with fetal infection, infants, and newborns
bone marrow suppression supplement with folinic acid to alleviate bone marrow suppression, often used with sulfadiazine in toxoplasma |
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Sulfadiazine
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Toxoplasma in pregnant women with fetal infection, infants, and newborns
stevens-johnson syndrome |
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Tinidazole
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Entamoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas
Fewer than Metronidazole Anaerobic protozoa |
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Metronidazole
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Entamoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas
Anaerobic protozoa |
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Antimonials
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Leishmaniasis
Cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pancreatitis, sterile abscess at injection site Heavy metals |
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Albendazole
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Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichurius, Hookworm, Strongyloides, Neurocysticercosis, inoperable echinoccocus,
Abdominal pain, reversible alopecia, increased liver enzymes Some of the cestode and trematode larvae/cysts are also susceptible Inhibits assembly of microtubules and uptake of glucose |
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Mebendazole
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Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichurius, Hookworm, Trichinosis
Abdominal pain, reversible alopecia, increased liver enzymes Inhibits assembly of microtubules and uptake of glucose |
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Thiabendazole
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Strongyloides
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Ivermectin
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Strongyloides, Onchocerciasis, Zoonotic hookworm
Severe skin reactions Keeps chloride channel in worm's ventral cord interneuron open, leading to paralysis |
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Diethylcarbamazine
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Filiariasis and Onchocerciasis
Does not kill adult worms, only microfilariae immobilizes microfiliarie so immune system can kill them |
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Praziquantel
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D. Latum, Schistosomiasis, Both Taenia, other Cestodes and Trematodes
Not active against Fasciola Hepatica Damages integument causing influx of Ca ions |
