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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What portal of entry does most infections occur?
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respiratory tract-more infections occur each year than any other portal.
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How does the infection occur?
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by inspiration of microbe laden resp. droplets expelled by coupghing or sneezing
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How is the spead of infection limited?
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organisms dry quickly, spreading is limited to people in close proximity.
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Give example of direct transmission
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contaminated saliva....kissing.
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What is connected at the rear of the mouth?
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oral and nasal cavities.
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Name some ways of protection
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mask, gloves and washing hands
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What type of room is a pt placed in to prevent the spread of disease?
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negative air pressure
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Characteristics of the Tuberculosis bacterium
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neither gram-neg. or gram-pos
waxy cell envelope |
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How is TB diagnosed?
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tine test, Mantoux test, sputum and CXR
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What is the causative agent for TB?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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M. tuberculosis is...?
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rod shaped
gram pos. like organism |
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Discribe M. tuberculosis' cell
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typical cytoplasmic membrane
peptidoglcan cell wall layers waxy lipids make up more than half of the envelope |
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What is unique about M. tuberculosis'cell wall?
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waxy chemical, that makes the organism impermeable to Gram's staining.
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What is TB?
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invasion of the lung accompanied by tissue destruction.
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How is current or prior TB infection detected?
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Mantoux or tine test-tuburcular antigens are injected under the skin surface.
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PPD stands for what?
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purified protein derivative
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When is the test read?
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24-48 hours
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Describe if positive.
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hard raised area.\
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Why is the area hard?
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The area is hard due to T cells and phagocytes recruted by T cells
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What can't the PPD differentiate?
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past and current infection
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How is active TB diagnosed?
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CXR
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How long does it take to culture for TB?
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6 weeks
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How is TB spread?
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respiratory droplets
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TB symptoms
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fever, night sweats, coughing weight loss
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Where does TB locate itself?
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tubercles-hard foci in the lung tissue
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How is TB treated?
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triple antibiotic therapy for 6 months to 2 years.
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What should be done in addition to the meds, and why?
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liver function tests, because the meds are hard on the liver
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If a TB pt. is immunocompromised, what could happen?
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the disease could reappear.
Many AIDS pts. died from TB |
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What caused the increase of TB?
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AIDS and resistence
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What is MRTB?
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multiply resistant TB
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