Micro Quizzes 1-5

Front 1

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called?

Back 1

Genetic engineering

Front 2

Which of the following is not considered a microorganisms?

1. Mosquito

2. Protozoa

3. Bacterium

4. Virus

5. Fungus

Back 2

1. Mosquito

Front 3

All microorganisms are BEST defined as organisms that?

1. Cause disease in humans

2. Lack a cell nucleus

3. Are infectious particles

4. Are to small to be seen with the unaided eye

5. Can only be found growing in laboratories

Back 3

Are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Front 4

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

1. Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

2. A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria

3. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

4. Eschericia coli producing human insulin

5. Public health officials monitoring disease in a community

Back 4

4. Eschericia coli producing human insulin

Front 5

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed?

Back 5

Microorganisms

Front 6

The study of the immune response to infection caused by microorganisms is called?

Back 6

Immunology

Front 7

Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?

1. Formation of oxygen by oxygenic photosynthesis

2. Formation of greenhouse gasses

3. Formation of soil

4. Digestion of complex carbohydrates in animal diets

5. Decomposition of dead matter and waste

Back 7

1. Formation of oxygen by oxygenic photosynthesis

Front 8

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called?

Back 8

Decomposers

Front 9

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called?

Back 9

Prokaryotes

Front 10

The first prokaryotes appeared about _______ billion years ago?

Back 10

3.5

Front 11

Which of the following in not a human use of microorganisms?

1. Making bread

2. Treating water and sewage

3. Manufacturing copper wire

4. Mass producing antibiotics

5. Cleaning up oil spills

Back 11

3. Manufacturing copper wire

Front 12

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of?

Back 12

Bioremediation

Front 13

Disease causing microorganisms are called?

Back 13

Pathogens

Front 14

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are?

Back 14

Respiratory disease

Front 15

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

1. Cause human disease

2. Lack of nucleus

3. Cannot be seen without a microscope

4. Contain genetic material

5. Lack of cell structure

Back 15

5. Lack of cell structure

Front 16

Helminths are?

Back 16

Parasitic worms

Front 17

Organisms called parasites are?

Back 17

Always harmful to their host

Front 18

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

1. It's DNA is not encased in a membrane

2. It has a cell wall made of peptioglycans or other distinct chemicals

3. It does not have membrane bound organelles

4. It's DNA is wrapped around histones

5. All of these are characteristics of bacteria

Back 18

4. It's DNA is wrapped around histones

Front 19

What are two functions of bacterial appendages?

Back 19

Attachment and motility

Front 20

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except?

Back 20

Cilia

Front 21

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to?

Back 21

Move in response to a chemical

Front 22

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed?

Back 22

Positive chemotaxis

Front 23

What is the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site?

Back 23

Lophotrichous

Front 24

What is the term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface?

Back 24

Peritrichous

Front 25

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called?

Back 25

Fimbriae

Front 26

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

Back 26

Capsule

Front 27

The outcome of the gram stain is based on differences on the cells?

Back 27

Cell wall

Front 28

The cell _____ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.

Back 28

Envelope

Front 29

During the Gram stain, _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied?

Back 29

Gram-negative

Front 30

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the?

Back 30

Cell wall

Front 31

The _____ stain is used to differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria?

Back 31

Acid-fast

Front 32

The enzyme ______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

Back 32

Lysozyme

Front 33

Lysozyme is most effective against?

Back 33

Gram positive organisms

Front 34

Which of the following does NOT pertain to endotoxin?

1. Is a specific cell wall lipid

2. Can stimulate fever in the human body

3. Can cause septic shock in the human body

4. Is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases

5. Is found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

Back 34

5. Is found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

Front 35

The site for most ATP synthesis I'm bacterial cells is the?

Back 35

Cell membrane

Front 36

All bacterial cells have?

Back 36

One or more chromosomes

Front 37

Which statement BEST describes plasmids?

1. Are found in all bacteria

2. Are essential for growth and metabolism

3. Cannot be passed between organisms

4. Cannot be passed on to progeny

5. Are often the site of pathogenic genes

Back 37

5. Are often the site of pathogenic genes

Front 38

The function of bacterial endospores is?

Back 38

Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

Front 39

The five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except?

1. Inoculation

2. Incubation

3. Infection

4. Isolation

5. Identification

Back 39

3. Infection

Front 40

A pure (selective) culture contains?

Back 40

Only one species of microorganisms

Front 41

The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is known as?

Back 41

Inoculum

Front 42

The three physical forms of laboratory media are?

Back 42

Solid, semisolid, and liquid

Front 43

Which of the following is NOT an inoculating tool?

1. Petri dish

2. Loop

3. Needle

4. Pipette

5. Swab

Back 43

1. Petri dish

Front 44

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce the real image of the specimen?

1. Condenser

2. Objective lens

3. Ocular lens

4. Body

5. Nose piece

Back 44

Objective lens

Front 45

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce the virtual image of the specimen?

1. Objective lens

2. Ocular lens

3. Condenser

4. Body

5. Iris diaphragm

Back 45

2. Ocular lens

Front 46

Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the specimen?

1. Objective lens

2. Ocular lens

3. Condenser

4. Body

5. Iris diaphragm

Back 46

5. Iris diaphragm

Front 47

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed?

Back 47

Complex

Front 48

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, ONLY the E. Coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

Back 48

The culture medium must be selective

Front 49

A reducing medium contains?

Back 49

Hemoglobins, vitamins, or other growth factors

Front 50

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

Back 50

Differential

Front 51

Protists include?

Back 51

Algae and protozoa

Front 52

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in the cells of bacteria?

1. Nucleus

2. Mitochondria

3. Endoplasmic reticulum

4. Lysosomes

5. All of the choices are correct

Back 52

5. All of the choices are correct

Front 53

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella?

Back 53

Contains microtubules

Front 54

Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in?

Back 54

Protozoa

Front 55

Cell walls are not usually in?

Back 55

Protozoa

Front 56

The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is?

Back 56

Mostly polysaccharides

Front 57

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

1. Protection

2. Adherence

3. Movement

4. Reception

5. All of the above are functions

Back 57

3. Movement

Front 58

The eukaryotic cell membrane is composed of?

1. Sterols

2. Proteins

3. Phospholipids

4. Cholesterol

5. All of the above are correct

Back 58

5. All of the above are correct

Front 59

What is the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis?

Back 59

Nucleolus

Front 60

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of?

Back 60

Fungi

Front 61

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and it's associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the?

Back 61

Chromatin

Front 62

What best describes histones?

Back 62

Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

Front 63

The cells series of tunnel like membranes functioning in transport and storage are known as?

Back 63

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 64

Which BEST describes an organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion?

Back 64

Golgi apparatus

Front 65

Protists with contractile vacuoles?

Back 65

Use them to expel excess water from the cell

Front 66

Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi?

Back 66

Chloroplast

Front 67

Which BEST describes the cytoskeleton?

1. Anchors organelles

2. Provides support

3. Functions in movements of the cytoplasm

4. Helps maintain cell shape

5. All of the above are correct

Back 67

5. All of the above are correct

Front 68

What are filamentous fungi called?

Back 68

Molds

Front 69

Fungi that grow yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called?

Back 69

Dimorphic

Front 70

All of the helminths except?

1. Tapeworms

2. Flukes

3. Flatworms

4. Roundworms

5. All of the above are helminths

Back 70

5. All of the above are helminths

Front 71

Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of?

Back 71

Helminths

Front 72

Adulthood and mating of helminths occur on which host?

Back 72

Definitive host

Front 73

Larval development of helminths occurs in which host?

Back 73

Intermediate (secondary) host

Front 74

After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has serve anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease?

Back 74

Pladmodium falciprum

Front 75

Viruses have all of the following except ____?

1. Definite shape

2. Metabolism

3. Genes

4. The ability to infect host cells

5. Ultramicroscopic size

Back 75

2. Metabolism

Front 76

Who developed a rabies vaccine by separating bacteria from virus using a filter?

Back 76

Pasteur

Front 77

Virus capsids are made from subunits called?

Back 77

Capsomeres

Front 78

What is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus called?

Back 78

Capsid

Front 79

A naked virus only has a?

Back 79

Nucleocapsid

Front 80

Which of the following is NOT correct related to virus envelopes?

1. Gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane

2. Are comprised primarily of lipids

3. Contain special virus proteins

4. Help the virus particle attached to host cells

5. Are located between the capsid and nucleic acid

Back 80

5. Are located between the capsid and nucleic acid

Front 81

Viral spikes?

Back 81

Protrude from the envelope

Front 82

What does the core of every virus particle ALWAYS contain?

Back 82

Either DNA or RNA

Front 83

Which of the following is NOT associated with every virus?

1. Envelope

2. Capsomeres

3. Capsid

4. Nucleic acid

5. Genome

Back 83

1. Envelope

Front 84

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes?

Back 84

DNA from RNA

Front 85

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ______. While most RNA viruses multiply in the hosts cell's ________?

Back 85

Nucleus, cytoplasm

Front 86

Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect?

1. Inclusions in the nucleus

2. Multinucleated giant cells

3. Inclusions in the cytoplasm

4. Cells change shape

5. All of the choices are correct

Back 86

5. All of the choices are correct

Front 87

Viruses attach to their host via?

Back 87

Host glycoproteins

Front 88

What are persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically called?

Back 88

Chronic latent viruses

Front 89

What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?

Back 89

Tail fibers

Front 90

Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity symptoms are called?

Back 90

Latent

Front 91

What does lysogeny refer to?

Back 91

Viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosomes

Front 92

What are viruses that infect bacteria specifically called?

Back 92

Bacteriophages

Front 93

Which of the following is INCORRECT about prophages?

1. Present when the virus is in lysogeny

2. Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome

3. Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny

4. Cause lysis of host cell

5. Occur when temperature phages enter host cells

Back 93

4. Cause lysis of host cell

Front 94

What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?

Back 94

Temperate

Front 95

The activation of a prophage is called?

Back 95

Induction

Front 96

What do cells grown in a culture form?

Back 96

Monolayer

Front 97

A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use is vitro systems called _______ cultures.

Back 97

Cell

Front 98

What are infectious protein particles called?

Back 98

Prions

Front 99

What is Creutzfeld-Jacob disease?

Back 99

A spongiform encephalopathy of humans

Front 100

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?

Back 100

Mitochondria