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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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e. symbiont"
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B. infected cell
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e. convalescent"
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A. incubation
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e. prevalent"
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D. pandemic
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e. always caused by pathogenic bacteria"
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B. always acquired during the course of hospitalization
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e. none of the above"
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E. none of the above
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e. all of these"
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C. healthy
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e. all of these"
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A. mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
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e. dose that will kill 50% of the test population"
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E. dose that will kill 50% of the test population
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e. none of these"
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C. part of the gram-negative cell wall
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d. saliva"
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D. saliva
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e. Staphylococcus aurens "
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A. Salmonella typhi
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e. None of these"
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B. The body’s defenses against any kind of pathogen
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e. interferon attacks invading viruses"
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A. interferon is an antiviral protein
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e. inflammation"
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C. resistance
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e. dehydration"
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C. cavitation
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e. pasteurization"
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A. disinfection
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e. None of the above"
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B. thermal death point (TDP
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e. lyophilization"
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B. tyndallization
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e. all of these are methods of heat sterilization"
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C. pasteurization
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e. neither a or b"
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B. chlorine
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e. none of the above"
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A. a larger population of microorganisms
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e. desiccation"
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A. incineration
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e. Azodyes"
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A. Streptomyces
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e. all of the above"
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E. all of the above
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e. commensals"
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B. normal flora
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e. Pasteur"
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B. Fleming
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1. The organism that has a parasite living within it is the
a. commensal b. infected cell c. mutual organism d. host e. symbiont |
B. infected cell
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2. The period with the least degree of symptoms is the ___________ period.
a. incubation b. prodrome c. invasion d. acme e. convalescent |
A. incubation
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3. An infection that occurs in many nations is a/an ___________.
a. endemic b. sporadic c. epidemic d. pandemic e. prevalent |
D. pandemic
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4. A nosocomial infection is:
a. always present but inapparent at the time of hospitalization b. always acquired during the course of hospitalization c. always caused by medical personnel d. only a result of surgery e. always caused by pathogenic bacteria |
B. always acquired during the course of hospitalization
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5. Which of the following is not reservoir of infection?
a. a sick person b. a healthy person c. a sick animal d. a hospital e. none of the above |
E. none of the above
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6. A/n _______________ carrier is an individual who harbors the infectious organism but is not ill.
a. active b. convalescent c. healthy d. incubatory e. all of these |
C. healthy
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7. The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the
a. mucous membranes of the respiratory tract b. mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract c. skin d. parenteral route e. all of these |
A. mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
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8. The LD50 is a
a. measure of pathogenicity b. dose that will cause an infection in 50% of the test population c. dose that will kill some of the test population d. dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population e. dose that will kill 50% of the test population |
E. dose that will kill 50% of the test population
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9. Endotoxins are:
a. associated with gram-positive bacteria b. specific in their method of action c. part of the gram-negative cell wall d. excreted from the cell e. none of these |
C. part of the gram-negative cell wall
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10. Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears and __________________.
a. feces b. blood urine c. pus d. saliva |
D. saliva
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11. Which of the following organisms doesn’t produce an exotoxin?
a. Salmonella typhi b. Clostridium botulinum c. Corynebacterium diptheriae d. Clostridium tetani e. Staphylococcus aurens |
A. Salmonella typhi
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12. Nonspecific resistance is:
a. The body’s ability to ward off diseases b. The body’s defenses against any kind of pathogen c. The body’s defenses against a particular pathogen d. The lack of resistance e. None of these |
B. The body’s defenses against any kind of pathogen
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13. Which of the following statements is “true” about interferon?
a. interferon is an antiviral protein b. interferon promotes phagocytosis c. inteferon causes cell lysis d. interferon acts against specific viruses e. interferon attacks invading viruses |
A. interferon is an antiviral protein
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14. Your ability to ward off disease is called:
a. tolerance b. susceptibility c. resistance d. immunity e. inflammation |
C. resistance
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15. Ultrasound kills by
a. increasing DNA b. blocking RNA c. cavitation d. reducing proteins e. dehydration |
C. cavitation
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16. The killing of vegetative form of pathogenic microorganisms (usually on inanimate objects) is called
a. disinfection b. antisepsis c. sterilization d. sanitization e. pasteurization |
A. disinfection
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17. The lowest temperature at which a microbial population is killed in a specified period of time is the
a. thermal death time (TDT) b. thermal death point (TDP) c. Z value d. D value e. None of the above |
B. thermal death point (TDP)
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18. Fractional exposure to any method is called
a. pasteurization b. tyndallization c. sterilization d. bacteriostasis e. lyophilization |
B. tyndallization
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19. Which of the following is not a method of heat sterilization?
a. autoclaving b. tyndallization c. pasteurization d. discontinous sterilization e. all of these are methods of heat sterilization |
C. pasteurization
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20. The disinfectant of choice for municipal water supplies is _______________.
a. fluorine b. chlorine c. iodine d. either a or b e. neither a or b |
B. chlorine
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21. Which will require a longer time to kill?
a. a larger population of microorganisms b. a smaller population of microorganisms c. killing will be equally as rapid in a large or a small microbial population d. all of the above e. none of the above |
A. a larger population of microorganisms
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22. Which of the following is the best method for sterilization?
a. incineration b. freezing c. radiation d. chemical use e. desiccation |
A. incineration
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23. Tetracyclines are derived from:
a. Streptomyces b. Penicillin c. Nocardia d. Sulfonamid e. Azodyes |
A. Streptomyces
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24. Mechanisms by which antibiotics kill or inhibit microbial growth are:
a. inhibition of cell wall synthesis b. injury to cell membrane c. inhibition of protein synthesis d. inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis e. all of the above |
E. all of the above
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25. Microbes commonly present in or on the body are called
a. transients b. normal flora c. pathogen d. parasites e. commensals |
B. normal flora
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26. Penicillin become widely used because of the work of:
a. Domack b. Fleming c. Waksman d. Ehrlich e. Pasteur |
B. Fleming
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27. PMN is another name for ___________________ cell.
a. monocyte b. neutrophil c. lymphocyte d. eosinophil e. basophil |
B. neutrophil
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28. The control center for fever development is located in the:
a. midbrain b. cerebral cortex c. hypothalamus d. neutrophil e. tonsil |
C. hypothalamus
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29. The immune system normally discriminates between _______________ antigens
a. self and nonself b. B and T-cells c. humoral and cell-mediated d. primary and secondary response e. none of these |
A. self and nonself
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30. Most pathogens that gain access through the skin
a. can penetrate intact skin b. just infect the skin itself c. enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts d. must adhere first while their invasive factors allow them to penetrate e. must be injected |
C. enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts
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