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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What infections does strep pyogenes cause?
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LINES
lymphangitis, impetigo, necrotizing fascitis, erysipelas, scarlet fever |
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What usually causes periorbital cellulitis?
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staph aureus
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What usually causes orbital cellulitis?
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strep. pneumonia
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What kind of bug is staph?
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gram (+)
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What does staph look like?
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clusters
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What pigment does staph aureus make?
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gold
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What pigment does staph epidermitis make?
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white
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What pigment does staph saprophyticus make?
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none
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Which staph is coagulase +?
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aureus, the rest are coagulase -
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What is staph epidermitis associated with?
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shunts and central lines
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What is used to treat a staph epidermitis infection?
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vancomycin
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What infection is s. saphrolyticus associated with?
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5-10y, 18-24y uncircumsized males
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What is the mcc of acute endocarditis?
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s. aureus
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What is the mcc of death in burn patients in the 1st week?
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s. aureus
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What staph is catalase +?
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all of them
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Streptococcus is what kind of bug?
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gram +
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What does streptococcus look like?
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cocci in chains
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How does streptokinase work?
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breaks up clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin and binds fibrinogen
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What is the antidote for streptokinase, urokinase or tPA?
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aminocaproic acid
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What are the two group A strepotcoccus bugs?
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s. pyogenes and s. pneumonia
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What is s. pneumonia described as looking like?
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diplococci- like 2 kidney beans (only gram + diplococci)
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What is the group B strepotcoccus bug?
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s. agalactiae
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What does s. agalactiae cause?
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meningitis from 0-2 months
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What are the group D strepotcoccus bugs?
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viridans, mutans, sanguis, sulivarius, enterococcus
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What strep is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
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viridans
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What strep causes cavities?
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mutans
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What is diagnostic of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
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septic emboli and line in nails
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If a UTI is nitride negative, what bug is suspected?
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s. enterococcus
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What do you treat s. enterococcus with?
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vancomycin
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In order, what are the most common causes of meningitis from 0-2m?
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group b strep, e.coli, lysteria
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In order, what are the most common causes of meningitis from 2m to 10y?
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strep pneumonia, nisseria meningitis
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In order, what are the most common causes of meningitis from 10-21y?
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nisseria meningitis, strep pneumonia
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What is the most common cause of meningitis >21y?
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strep pneumonia
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What kind of bug is cornybacterium diptheria?
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gram +
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What does cornybacterium diptheria look like?
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chinese letter
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What is the toxin produced by cornybacterium diptheria?
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toxin that ADP-ribosylates EF-2
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What can cornybacterium diptheria form in the back of the pharynx?
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pseudomembrane- never scrape off because it will hemorrhage
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How is cornybacterium diptheria treated?
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antitoxin first, then antibiotic
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What 5 things can cause heart block?
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lyme disease, legionella, thyphoid fever, diptheria, chaga's disease
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What kind of bug is bacillus?
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gram + spore former
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What is the shell of bacillus made of?
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poly D-glutamic acid
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Bacillus cereus is associated with what?
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fried rice
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Bacillus anthrax is associated with what?
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wool sorter's disease
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Clostridium is what kind of bug?
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gram + spore former
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What is c. perfringens associated with?
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gastroenteritis associated with holiday ham
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Is c. perfringens an aerobe or anaerobe?
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strict anaerobe
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What kind of gangrene does c. perfringens cause?
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gas gangrene
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What is c. difficile associated with?
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gastroenteritis associated with broad spectrum antibiotics
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What is the treatment for c. difficile?
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vancomycin or metronidazole
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What is c. tetani associated with?
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dirty wound- rusty nail, etc
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How does c. tetani work?
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inhibits the release of glycine from the spinal cord- contracted muscles and die from respiratory failure
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What is an analog to c. tetani?
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stryck 9
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What is the treatment for c. tetani?
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vaccinate- give toxoid
for infection- antitoxin first, then antibiotics |
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How does c. botulinum work?
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causes flaccid paralysis by blocking the release of presynaptic AcH
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What is c. botulinum associated with?
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honey and malaises in babies
canned food in adults |
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What is c. melanogosepticus associated with?
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colon cancer
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What is the only gram + to form an endotoxin?
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lysteria monocytogenes
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What do adults get with a lysteria monocytogenes infection?
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gastroenteritis
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What do babies get with a lysteria monocytogenes infection?
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meningitis
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What is a lysteria monocytogenes infection associated with?
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cabbage and migrant workers
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What shape is lysteria monocytogenes?
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comma shaped
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What are the 4 comma shaped bacteria?
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lysteria monocytogenes, vibrio, h, pylori, c. jejuni
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What type of bug is propionobacterium acne?
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gram + anaerobe- hides in hair follicles
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What 5 things cause monocytosis?
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STELS
syphilis, TB, EBV, lysteria monocytogenes, salmonella typhi |
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What is the movement of lysteria monocytogenes described as?
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tumbling motility
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How do you treat lysteria monocytogenes?
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ampicillin, macrolides, vancomycin
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Do gram - have a thin or thick peptidogylcan wall?
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thin
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What type of gram - is hemophilis?
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pleomorphic rod
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What protease does hemophilus have?
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IgA protease
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What is the main virulence factor of hemophilus?
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capsule
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What is the invasive type of hemophilus?
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hemophilus B
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What does the invasive hemophilus cause?
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meningitis, sepsis, epiglotitis
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What does the non-invasive hemophilus cause?
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sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia
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What is the #1 cause of sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia?
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s. pneumonia
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What is the #2 cause of sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia?
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hemophilus influenza
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What is #1 for epiglotitis?
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hemophilus influenze type B
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What are the signs of epiglotitis?
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thumb print sign, drooling, fever, stridor
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What does hemophilus aegyptos cause?
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pink eye- eye bulges way out
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What type of bug is nisseria?
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gram - diplococci (only 1)
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What is hemoplilus ducreyi the most common cause of?
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painful genital ulcers (chancroid)
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What is the treatment for h. ducreyi?
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cefttriaxone
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What type of gential ulcers does herpes have?
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painless
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What is the treatment for herpes?
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acyclovir, pancyclovir, or valcyclovir
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What 4 things can cause painful genital ulcers?
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h. ducreyi, herpes 2, lymphogranuloma venereum (c. trachomatis), and granuloma inguinale (calymmatobacterium donovini)
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What type of bug is nisseria meningitis?
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gram - diplococci
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What does nisseria meningitis ferment?
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maltose and glucose
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What does nisseria meningitis present with?
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DIC
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What does nisseria meningitis cause?
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waterhouse-fredrickson syndrome- hemorrage into the adrenal gland
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What is the treatment for nisseria meningitis?
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dexamethasone before antibiotic treatment to prevent hearing loss from inflammatory neurological damage
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What is the most common purulent STD?
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nisseria gonorrhea
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How does nisseria gonorrhea gain access to the blood?
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it has pili and climbs the uroepithelium
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What does nisseria gonorrhea ferment?
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glucose
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What type of arthritis does nisseria gonorrhea cause?
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gonococcal arthritis- ankle and wrist involvement and loves tendons and ligaments
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What are the 7 possibilites for 1 dose treatment of gonorrhea and chylamidia?
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azythromycin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin
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Nisseria catarrhalis does not ferment what?
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sugar
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Where is nisseria catarrhalis the most common strain?
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in the back of the throat. # 3 for respiratory infections
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What does H. pylori look like?
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gram - comma shaped
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What positive enzyme is h. pylori?
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urease +
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What test is the most diagnostic of an H.pylori infection?
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hydrogen breath test
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What is the treatment for h. pylori?
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amoxicillin, bismuth, H-2 blocker or a PPI
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What are the urease + bugs?
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PUNCHES B
protease, pseudomonas, ureoplasma urolyticum, nocardia, cryptococcus, h. pylori, s. saphrolyticus, brucellosis |
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E. coli is the number one infection where?
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UTIs and gastroenteritis
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What is e. coli infection associated with?
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hamburger
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Enteroinvasive e. coli EICC is associated with what?
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travelers diarrhea
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Enterotoxigenic e. coli (ETEC) is associated with what?
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rice-water diarrhea
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Enterohemorragic e. coli (EHEC) is associated with what?
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endemic HUS
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What is 0157:H7 e. coli associated with?
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epidemic HUS
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What is the treatment for e. coli?
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amphicillin, erythromycin, etc...
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What is the #2 for UTI's?
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proteus mirabilis
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What is a clue for a proteus UTI?
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urease +, high pH
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What is proteus associated with?
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struvite stones
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What is #3 for UTI's?
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klebisella pneumonia
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Who is k. pneumonia associated with?
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alcoholics, any mention of fissures with pneumonia
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What does the sputum look like with k. pneumonia?
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currant jelly sputum
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What 3 bugs like to attack immunocompromised?
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serratia marscensens, cirtobacter, and pseudomonas auregenosa
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What color is produced by serratia marscensens?
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red pigment
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What does citrobacter produce?
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citric acid
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What kind of bug is citrobacter?
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gram - encapsulated
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Who does citrobacter like to attack?
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immunocompromised and 0-2m babies
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What does citrobacter cause?
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multiple cerebral abscesses
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Who does pseudomonas auregenosa like to attack?
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diabetics, burn patients, neutropenics, and cystic fibrosis, also like plastic (endotracheal tubes, bladders caths)
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What pigment does pseudomonas produce?
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gold and some green
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What is the smell of pseudomonas described as?
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fruity grape smell when plated
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What diseases is pseudomonas associated with?
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whirlpool folliculitis, tennis shoe folliculitis, malignant otitis externa, ichthyma gangrenosum
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What is the most common cause of death in the second week of a burn patient?
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pseudomonas auregenosa
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What is shigella associated with?
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gastroenteritis in daycare centers
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What toxin does shigella produce? What does it cause?
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shigatoxin which causes seizures
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What causes whooping cough?
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bordatella pertussis
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What is special about the exotoxin of bordatella pertussis?
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it is intracellular and kills cells
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What is the treatment for bordatella pertussis?
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erythromycin
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What causes undulating fever with 5-7 spikes per day?
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brucella
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Who gets infected with brucella?
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vets and animal workers
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What is pasturella multocida associated with?
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infected dog or cat bite
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What is the treatment for pasturella multocida?
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amoxicillin
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What is bartonella henselae associated with?
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cat scratch disease- carried by kittens, lymph nodes bulge
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What causes tularemia?
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francisella
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What is francisella associated with?
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rabbits 90% and deer 10%
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How do you treat francisella?
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streptomycin
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What does tularemia look like?
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fever, red eyes
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What kind of bug is salmonella?
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gram - encapsulated
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What is salmonella associated with?
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raw chicken and raw eggs
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Why do you not treat salmonella with antibiotics?
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because it will hide in the gall bladder and precipitate cholecystitis
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What causes typhoid fever?
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salmonella typhi
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What is the triad of typhoid fever?
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fever, rose spots, and intestinal fire
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What is salmonella typhi associated with?
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contaminated water
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What do you treat s. typhi with?
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ciprofloxacin
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What kind of bug is vibrio cholera?
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gram - comma shaped
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What kind of diarrhea do you get with vibrio cholera?
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rice water
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What 2 bugs give you rice water diarrhea?
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ETEC and vibrio cholera
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What is vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with?
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diarrhea associated with raw fish
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What is vibrio vulnificus associated with?
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gastroenteritis associated with raw oysters
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What 2 anaerobes are associated with colon cancer?
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clostridium melanosepticus and strep. bovis
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Yersinia pestis causes what?
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bubonic plague- rat or flees associated
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Yersinia entercolitica causes what? What does is mimic?
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gastroenteritis and mimics appendicitis
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Campylobacter jejunii causes what?
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copious bloody diarrhea
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What is the D.O.C. to treat c. jejunii?
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erthyromycin
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Do atypicals have cell walls?
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no
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What drugs cover the atypicals?
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quinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines
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What type of bug is chlamydia?
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parasite
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Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common what?
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neonatal blindness, STDs, infertility in women, ectopic pregnancy, and lymphogranuloma venereum
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What is the 1 dose treatment for c. trachomatis?
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azithromycin
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Chlamydia pneumonia is the mcc of what?
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atypical pneumonia from 0-2y
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What is c. pneumonia found to be connected to?
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alzheimer's and coronary artery disease
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Chlamydia psitacii is associated with what?
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parrots and parakeets
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What is mycoplasma pneumonia the mcc of?
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atypical pneumonia from 10-30y "walking pneumonia"
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Legionella pheumophilia is associated with what?
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heating and A/C ducts
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What is legionella the mcc of?
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atypical pneumonia after age 40
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Ureoplasma urolyticum has what enzyme?
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urease +
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What 4 pathogens are urease +?
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proteus, ureoplasma, h. pylori, pseudomonas
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What 2 pathogens silver stain?
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legionella, pneumocystis
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