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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. NON-FERMENTERS: DEFINITION AND TOXONOMY
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A. These organisms are gram-negative bacilli that do not ferment carbohydrates.
B. They may oxidatively metabolize selective sugars. C. They are strict aerobes (require oxygen for growth |
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found in
-found in what parts of hospital -when do they strike -where do they complicate things |
1. Distributed widely in soil and water
2. Often associated with plants and vegetables (moist enviornments 3. Frequent inhabitants of hospital environments, especially water sources 4. Common colonizing flora of humans, usually without disease 5. Opportunistic infections in trauma, burn, and immunocompromised patients 6. May contaminate commercial products from contact lens solutions to cosmetics to germicides to other solutions |
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most important
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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bacteriology
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1. Aerobic, gram-negative rod, slimmer that enteric bacteria
2. Produces a number of pigments a. Pyocyanin: green to blue-green b. Pyoverdin: yellow 3. Motile by polar flagella |
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what seperates it from the enterics
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pseudomona is oxidase positive
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4. Growth characteristics:
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a. Capable of growth in most media/solutions
b. Survives and grows over wide temperature range c. Uses oxidative metabolism d. Oxidase positive e. Beta-hemolytic on blood agar f. Fruity odor, like grapes or corn tortillas g. Colonies usually blue/green and have metallic sheen |
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Produces 4 products and toxins . what are they and what do they do?
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exotoxin A and exoenzyme S which inhibit protein synthesis, elastase which inhibits elastin, antibodies, and complement components, mucoid polysaccharidc which inhibits neutrophil function, and endotoxin
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Types of infections
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a. Burn wounds
b. Otitis extema-"swimmer's ear" and malignant otitis in diabetics c. Pneumonia: ventilators in ICU patients d. Eye infections: conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis with contact lenses e. Bacteremia: can have disseminated infection with characteristic purple to black skin lesions called ecthyma grangrenosum f. Cystic fibrosis: colonizes respiratory tract, doesn't invade, but strains develop alginate, a thick, mucopolysaccharide that makes secretions tenacious and adherent g. Skin infections: folliculitis from hot tubs, swimming pools h. Osteomyelitis: nail puncture wounds i. Urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients |
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BURKHOLDERIA
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Common species seen in US is cepacia
B. Similar to P. aeruginosa in colonizing solutions, commercial products, and hospital supplies C. More resistant to antibiotics that P. aeruginosa D. Drug of choice sulfa-trimethoprim E. Infections in lung, bloodstream F. Common infection in cystic fibrosis assoc with decreased survival |
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ACINETOBACTER
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A. Gram-negative coccobacilli
B. Oxidase negative C. Non-motile D. Faint blue-tinted colonies on MacConkey agar E. Infections: pneumonia, urinary tract infections, soft tissue infections |
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STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA
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A. Second most frequently isolated nonfermenter
B. Oxidase negative C. Lavender green colonies D. Utilizes maltose and glucose E. Opportunistic infections, very resistant to antibiotics in hospitals that use meropenems |
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FLAVOBACTERIUM MENINGOSEPTICUM
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A. Yellow pigmented colonies
B. Long, filamentous gram-negative rods C. Non-motile D. Associated with neonatal meningitis/bacteremia |
