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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define attentuation
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rates of translation control teh success of transcriptpion
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what is on the tryp operon
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P O leader seq gene seq
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if increased trp waht happens
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ribosome pauses, leader seq terminates transcription with 3:4 loop
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what happens if low trp
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2:3 loop prevents 3:4 and transcription continues
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what are two component regualtion of signal transduction
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sensor protein in CM
response regulator protein in cytoplasm |
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the sensor prot is a ____, when activated it becomes )_____
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kinase
phosphorylated |
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when phosphorylated, repsonse regulator can act as an ____ or a ____ on operator region of a gene
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inducer or repressor
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_____ removes po4 group from response regulator to inactivate it
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phosphatase
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describe signal transduction
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two component regulation
sensor protein in the CM and response regulator protein in the cytoplasm sensor protein is a kinase that become active when phosphorylated and the response regulator acts as an inducer or repressor on operator region of a gene. Finally, phosphatase removes the po4 group from response regualtor to inactivate it |
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define conjugation
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transfer of plasmid DNA via sex pilus
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can donors be recipients
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no
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can conjugation occur across species
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yes even prok to euk
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what codes for the sex pilus? where is this found?
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tra gene
conjugative plasmid |
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define transformation
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celsl pick up free DNA from environ.
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how is that transformation can occur
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DNA specific transport prot.
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what happens in transduction
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one infected b actic an produce 100 to 1000 of virus and mistake may cause virus to contain bacti genetic info infecting virus may introduce bacti DNA
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a bacteriophage can be ___ or ___ genome or ____
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RNA
DNA hybrid RNA DNA |
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what are the possible genome structures of viruses
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ss
ds circular linear segmented |
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how big in diameter are viruses
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.2 to .3 micro meter
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how many base pairs in virus
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1000 to 5000 bp
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how many genes in viruses
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5 to 100 genes
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hwat is the protein coat that surround abacteriophage
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capsid
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what are three types of capsid
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helical
icosahedral complex |
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what is an example of helical
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influencza
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what is unique about icosahedral
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corners, points, flat sides, spon form in host cell no E needed
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what is an example of complex
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t4 for ecoli
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how do t4 infect the cell
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syringe injection
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how do helical infect bacti
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unwind like drill
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how do icosahedral infect
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receptor protein on capsid suface changes in conformation and release na into environment. relies on transformation
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how does an enveloped capsid work
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picks up CM via budding spike protein on envelope that faciltiates merge with host CM and releases capsid inside
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can viruses supply their own enzymes? if so, like what?
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sometimes
like reverse transcripaase RNA dep RNA pol |
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how does HIV work
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RNA to DNA to RNA
reverse transcriptase transcription |
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how do you get from RNA to RNA
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RNA dep RNA pol
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how do bacteriophages break apart the cell
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lysozyme
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bacteriophages work best on GP or GN?
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GP
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define lysogeny
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viral NA are either plasmid or is inserted into host genome
may be quiet until becoing active and entering a lytic state |
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deifne lytic
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immediately kills host cell to make more virus
rapid cell death |
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what kind of virus is polio
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RNA
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how does polio work
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RNA to RNA via viral RNA dep RNA pol
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polio RNA genome acts liek ____
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mRNA
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what is the cap for polio
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vpg with affinity for euk ribosome
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what is the euk version of vpg
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7mg
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what does the ribosome make whne it translated the viral genome
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2A protease that cleaves 7mg
protein that makes mor vpg cap capsid prot and RNA dep RNA pol |