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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is fermentation = anaerobic respiration?
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NO
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what are the pathways of fermentation
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glycolysis
TCA PPP Fermentation steps |
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is there ETC in fermentation?
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no glycolysis provides ATP
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do cells usually make lots of fermentation products
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no they tend to just make one type
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what is the most widely used metabolism
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chemolithotrophy
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what is chemolitho
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inorganic CO2 and H2 for E and C
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how do chemolithotrophs make organic C
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calvin cycle
reverse TCA (one or the other not both) |
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what molecule is involved in making organic C
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NADH
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how does reverse TCA work
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3 CO2s to make 3 carbon sugars like pyruvate using NADH
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how does the calvin cycle work
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incroporated 6 CO2
uses NADPH |
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what is the equation for the calvin cycle
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6 CO2 + 12 NADPH + 18ATP
fructose 6P + 12NADP + 18ADP |
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what is the enzyme that is required for the first step in the CC
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rubisco
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why is chemolitho growth so slowly
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energy costly 18 ATP for cc!
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in chemolitho H2 will donate electrons directly to the ___
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ETC
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what is most likely the oldest metabolism
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photosynth specifically anoxygenic
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why is photosynthesis neither aerobic nor anaerobic?
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because it doesn't use O2
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why are all photosynthesizers lithotrophs
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because always use inorganic for E
no glucose is needed |
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what is the carbon source in autotrophs
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CO2
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is oxygenic cyclic? how many photosystems?
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noncyclic
I and II |
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what is the e donor of oxygenic and the TEA
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H2O
byproduct O2 TEA NADP+ |
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is anoxygenic cyclic? how many photosystems?
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yes
I |
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what is the e donor of anoxygenic? the byproduct? the TEA?
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inorganic not H2O
oxidzied form of electron donor NADP+ |
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what are three types of transprot proteins
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uniporter
antiporter symporter |
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why is ABC called ABC
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ATP binding cassette
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what are three types of transport proteins
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trasnprot
ABC type transport group translocation |
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why is group translocation clever
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doesn't use ATP
its sets up gradient by chemcially altering the substance as it is brought across the membrane |
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what adds po4 to the substance in translocation
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phophorotransferase
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what are the macronutrients needed
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carbon
nitrogen phosphorus sulfur potassium magnesium hydrogen caclium na fe |
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what are two types of micronutrients
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trace elements like cu co zn mn
growth factors like vitamins and aa |
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what are four types of culture media you should know
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defined
complex selective differential |
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what type of media is NA
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complex we don't know exactly whats in it
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why can we only grow 1 to 10 percent of all MO
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macro/micro nutrients
symbiotic relationships |
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how do mo grow
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in numbers not by size
use binary fission |
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what must be replicated in the cell before binary fission
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ribosoems
NADPH ATP cytoplasma aa DNA CW CM transcription increase translation increase |
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describe the process of binary fission
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parent
elongation septum formation daughter cells |
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what are the labels of the graph of a growth curve
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log number cells /ml
time |
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what are the four phases of growth curve
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lag
exponential stationary death |
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what may cause a stationary phase
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waste products start to build up
decrease in avail nutrients |
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anaerobic respiration only differs in the growth curve in the ___ phase
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exponential
anaerobic has lesser rate |
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what are three ways to measure bacti growth
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total counts
viable plate count turbidity |
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what are pros and conc of total counts
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cons
orientation layers too many cfu pros soil count after chemical spill |
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what are pros and cons of viable plate count
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lawn
contamination pros easier |
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what are examples of things that cannot grow on NA
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no autotrophs
phototrophs |
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how do you calculate original concentration
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observed/how may you added
times total dilution factor CFU/mL on plate * Total dilution factor |
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how does turbidity work
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use spectrometer to measure absorbane and transmittance
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what does turbitdity NOT give you
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concentration
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what are pros and cons
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good for relationships
bad because no concentration |
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how can you get conc from turbidity
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spc
abs/time and log number cells/ time make new logs number cells/mL /absorbance |
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what do we use turbidity for commonly
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water treatment
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what is the formular for generation time
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N = Nx2^n
N is final conc No is original n is number of generations |
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n =
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log N - LogNo/ log2
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k =
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generations/time
growth rate constant |
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g =
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1/k
generation time |
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define chemostat
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a bioreactor where you continuously supply nutrients and release waste to create an ideal growth environemtn
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what are the two factors of the chemostate
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dilution rate
conc of nutrients |
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what are classifications of bacti in acid
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acidophiles like pH less than 6
alkaliphiles like pH greater than 8 neutrophiles like 6 to 8 |
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what are classifications in regards to oxygen
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aerobe
anaerobe facultative |
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what are three methods of chemical control
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disinfectants
anticeptic chemotherapeutic agents |
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what is the difference bewteen cidal and static agents
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one kills
the other inhibits growth |
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what may lead to antibiotic resistance
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structural characteristics
acquired genetic sequences |
