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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a mutation has occurred such that DNA pol III no longer has its exonuclease activiyt. what long term effect does this have on the cell?
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correcting mismatched nucleotide bases in DNA replciaiton
mistakes in the genome of the cell improperly functioning proteins cell death? |
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If the cell prefers glucose and sucrose is present how does this occur?
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catabolic expression system
glucose prevents synthesis of cAMP preventing CAP preventing transcription of sucrose degradation genes until glucose is used up, then no cAMP and transcription can occur |
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describe the sequence of cAMP inhibition of transcription
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no cAMP no CAP no sigma no RNA pol no initiation of transcription
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what if there is a mutation on 035 -10 region
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promotor
sigma doesn't recognize and RNA pol can't bind no transcription no translation no protein produced |
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why are viruses hard to control
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no metabolism
very small |
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each codon except for stop codons has a matching ____ _______ carrying an ___ _____
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tRNA anticodon
amino acid for protein |
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the ____ ____ is an RNA molecule attached to the 30 s subunit of the ribosome tha tis complimentar to the ___ ____ sequence at the __ prime end of the _____
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16s rRNA
shine dalgarno 5 mRNA |
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how many sub thingys in a rho protein
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hexamer
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sigma factor is a protein taht specifically recognizes what region of the promoter region of the operon
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-10 -35
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___ ___ is the specific enzyme involved in the syntehsis of RNA and DNA template
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RNA pol
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how are RNA pol and DNA pol II differetn
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RNA does not require a primer to initate the synthesis of RNA????
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what is an allosteric enzyme
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one that can bind two or more molecules at differnet locations on the enzyme
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on of the binding sites of the enzyme is..... the other site is...
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substrate binding site
allosteric site |
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what binds to the allosteric site
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allosteric effector
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how does feedback inhibition work
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having hte end product of a pathway bind to an allosteric enzyem
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if you put bacti in a plate where amino acids are already present what regulatory methods will get involved
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no need to make aa so feedback inhibition
no need to transcribe, translation only so gene repression |
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why isn't lactose as preferable as glucose
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small change in reduction potential
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how does signal transduction work
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two component regulation
signal proteins detect environmental signals. Signal protein passes on its phosphate group to a response regulator protein. Once activated the regulator protein may repress or activate of particular genes like antibiotic resistant genes. |
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define operon
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represents a gene or group of genes under the control of the pormoter and operator regions
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CAP is a regulatory protein that is needed for the transcription of the ___ ____ ____ ____
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lactose catabolite repressible genes
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what is an example of an allosteric effector
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endproducts such as aa
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where is the promoter site in comparisson to the region of DNA
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promoter region of the operon
preceds the structural gene |
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Does DNA pol III require a primer? Does RNA pol?
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DNA DOES
RNA does NOT |
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what is going on in the actively growing cell?
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DNA replication
transcriptin translation transcription and translation to produce enzymes like polymerase and ssB proteins and helicase |
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in a non-actively growing cell waht is going on?
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continuously participates in metabolism, energy generation, cell wall repair, all of which need the synthesis of proteins and enzymes
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translatio is the process in which the ribosome makes ____
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proteins
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what molecule contains the information that determines the sequence of amino acids i the protein to be made
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mRNA
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ribosomes ___ the syntehsis of peptide bond between two amino acids
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catalyze
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the ____ rRNA represents the genetic sequence that is used to ID species of bacti
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16s
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definition. an RNA molecule attached to the 30S subunit of the ribosome tha tis complimentary to the shine dalgarno sequence located at the 5 prime end of mRNA
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16S rRNA
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how are DNA replicaiton rates related to the type of metabolism an organism uses
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amount of energy and intermediates to provide the necessary nucleotides, proteins, and enzymes
aerobic is more efficient chemolithotrophs must also spend more energy to make organic from inorganic intermediates from co2 |
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why is the shine dalgarno sequence important?
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recognition of the 5 prime end of themRNA by the 30S subunit of the ribosome
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what binds to the shine dalgarno
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16S rRNA of the 30 S subunit
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what would a mutatio of the -35 -10 region affect?
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promotor avail for transcription.
no transcription no translation |
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what does glucose affect
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synthesis of cAMP
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