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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endotoxin
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-Lipid A of Gram (-) LPS
-toxic to mammals -LBP binds LPS then phagocyte by binding to CD14 & TLR4->cytokine release which increases white blood cell synthesis and increases permeability of capillaries -can result in too much blood lost to tissues, hypovolemia, DIC (septic shock) |
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LPS Binding Protien
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binds LPS and binds to phagocyte surface proteins CD14&TLR4 which secretes cytokines and cause increase of white blood cells and increase of capillary permeability and if the infection is systemic this can cause too much blood being lost, hypovolemia, DIC and death (septic shock)
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Limulus Amoebocyte Assay
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-detects LPS
-important when injecting fluids because they must be sterile and LPS free -limulus coagulates amoebocytes in the presence of LPS the blood coagulates |
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Exotoxins
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-secreted, proteins, often A-B type
-not a pyrogen -proteins are easy to denature therefore easy to make toxoid vaccine rather than endotoxin vaccine -can be horizontally transmittes |
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A-B toxin
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A=toxic
-increases cyclic AMP->increase water secretion -interfere with eukaryotic protein synthesis -interfere with eukaryotic signaling pathways=stop division->apoptosis B=binds to receptors on our cells and helps A part to get internalized, part that we recognize and known as a protective antigen because we can use it as a vaccine |
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Anthrax toxin
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-bacillus anthracis
-B part binds to receptors on host cell which forms a pore for A part to be inserted 2 effects: 1)increase cyclic AMP->water secretion, this is known as the edema factor 2)messes up signaling pathway which kills the cell, this is called the lethal factor |
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Lethal Factor
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-disturbs signaling pathway in cells which leads to apoptosis
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Edema Factor
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-increases cyclic AMP which leads to water secretion
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Protective Antigen
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B part of A-B toxin because we can use it as a vaccine
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Hemolysin
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-alpha and beta
-alpha is not a complete clearing of the blood, mostly native flora, they are opportunists -beta is a pathogen, the blood is completely cleared, lyse blood cells completely |
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Phospholipase
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-remove polar heads which destroy membranes and cause cells to lyse
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Exfoliative Toxin
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-produced between the dermis and epidermis
-dissolves the glue that holds the cells together and allows the bacteria to penetrate deeper, basically making a pathway to go into our body i.e staph |
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Hyaluronidase
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-hyaluronic acid is the glue that holds the skin cells together, hyaluronidase breaks it apart
-opens up the area and allows bacteria to go in and colonize, we can use this for anesthetics also to penetrate more deeply |
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Superantigen Toxin
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-allows for T cells to be activated even without an antigen present
-causes for a large immune response -causes hypovolemia, DIC, toxic shock and death -toxic shock syndrome -necrotizing fasciitis, flesh eating disease |
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Toxic Shock
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-effect of the superantigen toxin because too many Th cells are activated
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Induced autoimmunity
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-antibodies to strep M protein recognize autoantigen on heart muscle
-when antibodies recognize self antigen=immune mimicry, recruit against our own cells which cause auto immune disease but this would not have happened if we were not infected first therefore it is an induced autoimmune disease -i.e rheumatic heart disease |
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Acute Glomerulonephritis
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-the immune complexes formed by the crosslinking of antibodies and antigens when the antigens are in excess stick in the glomeruli because they were not big enough to get phagocytosed well
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Acute Rheumatic Fever
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-rheumatic heart disease
-antibodies to strep M protein recognize the autoantigen in our heart muscle and cause the antibodies to recruit against itself |
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Streptococcal M protein
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-the infection that causes acute rheumatic fever which is an induced autoimmune disease, this would be the inducer
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Interferon Repressor
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-produced by viral infections
-stop the synthesis of interfeurons |
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p53 inhibitor
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-also produced by viral infections
-p53 is a tumor suppresor, so therefore causes formation of tumors -i.e papillomavirus=E6 protein |
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MHC-1 analog
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-produced by viral infections
-reverses the NK mediated killing of viral infected cells -our cells dont look infected |
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Syncytium
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-caused by viral infections
-cell fusion when a virus is budding from another cell -this provides a bigger house for the virus to replicate and survive in by avoiding exposure to antibodies i.e respiratory syncytial virus |
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Keratinase
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-protease that dissolves keratin which is the connective tissue in our skin, allows for cutaneous fungi to penetrate more deeply in our skin
-virulence factor -produced by dermatophytes which is a fungal infection i.e ringworm and athletes foot |
