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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disposed where?
used glass tubes |
used test tube rack |
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Disposed where?
Used glass slide |
discard basin |
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Disposed where?
Used exam gloves |
autoclave bag |
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Disposed where?
paper towels used in bench disinfection |
Trash |
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Disposed where?
contaminated petri dish |
autoclave bags |
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Total magnification |
ocular x objective |
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5 steps to clean microscope |
1.) rotate 4x objective in place and remove slide 2.) gently wipe off oil. use lens cleaner to clear rest of oil. return slide to correct place 3.) clean oil off objective. clean all lenses w cleaner. dry lens 4.) turn the rheostat down and turn off light switch 5.) replace the dust cover |
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Purpose of the immersion oil when using 100x objective |
minimizes the amount of light that is refracted or lost |
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Importance of: •allowing loop to cool before using it •holding test tube w finger •obtaining pinpoint amount of bacteria |
•it will kill bacteria •not to contaminate •used for isolating colonies |
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ubiquitous |
they are everywhere |
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pure culture |
contains a single species of microbes |
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mixed culture |
the isolation of more than one species of microbes |
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colony |
the result of cell reproduction |
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turbidity |
cloudiness, indicates growth |
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media |
nutrient material suitable for the cultivation of microorganisms |
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inoculum |
the sampling of a bacterial culture |
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aseptic technique |
using practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens. |
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why are agar plates labeled on the bottom |
lids get lost |
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why are the plates inverted when incubating then |
condensation falls on lid and not on colony |
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criteria to describe bacterial colony |
shape, edge, color, elevation, texture |
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reagents in gram stain |
crystal violet- primary stain grams iodine- mordant that combines w crystal violet in the cell acetone alcohol- decolorizer safranin- counterstain |
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why do gram neg cells lose primary dye? |
decolorizer will dissolve the high lipid content and the crystal violet will leak out of the cells |
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simple stain |
1 dye and used to visualize stain |
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differential stain |
more than 2 types of dyes and used to differentiate between bacteria |
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gram + stain |
purple |
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gram - stain |
pink |
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bacteria identified using acid fast stains |
mycobacterium and Nocardia |
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disease caused by acid fast bacteria |
tuberculosis |
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acid fast (color on slide) |
pink |
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non acid fast (color on slide) |
blue |
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differentiate between gram stain and acid fast stain decolorizer |
gram stain uses acetone alcohol and acid fast uses acid alcohol |
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why are organisms acid fast? |
once dye penetrates the cell wall, glycolipids prevents acid alcohol from decolorizing the cell |
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3 reagents used in acid fast stain |
carbolfuchsin, acid alcohol, methylene blue |
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2 bacteria’s that produce endospores |
bacillus and clostridium |
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vegetative state (color in stain) |
pink |
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spore (color in stain) |
green |
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process for staining endospores |
heat to melt mycolic acid and keeping the stain on the slide for longer |
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positive stain |
stains what you want to see |
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negative stain |
•a capsule won’t pick up dye (everything stains except the capsule) • water and heat destroys capsule (necessary for positive stain) |
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capsule in negative stain |
the white or clear area in a negative stain |
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areobe |
can live in oxygen- produces enzymes |
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microaerophilic |
likes a little oxygen, grows in candle jar- produces enzymes |
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anaerobic |
can live in oxygen, gas pak jar- doesn’t produce enzymes |
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facultative anaerobe |
can live in any environment- produces enzymes |
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why do bacteria that live in oxygen require production of enzymes like catalase, peroxidase,etc |
to neutralize the toxic effects of oxygen |
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genes located in pGLO plasmid |
BLA, Ara-C, and GFP |
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proteins encoded in pGLO genes |
BLA: Beta-lactamase Ara-C: repressor GFP: Fluorescent protein |
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define competent and describe how ecoli is made competent |
competent means they can pick up plasmids. we use calcium chloride to make ecoli competent |
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explain regulation of green fluorescent protein gene expression |
represent protein sits there until arabinose inactivates it allowing for transcription on the GFP gene |
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kirby bauer vs minimal inhibitory concentration test |
kb tests indirectly measures MIC |
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principle of beta lactamase test |
find out whether bacteria produces beta lactamase
red- sensitive (NO beta lactamase
yellow- resistant (YES beta lactamase) breaks down beta lactam ring in penicillin |
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type of media used for antibiotic sensitivity test |
Mueller- Hinton |
