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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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catalase
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enzyme needed for cell to exist in presence of oxygen.
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aerobic respiration
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results in formation of hydrogen ions which are converted to H2O2
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catalase positive
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bubble formation after drop of H2O2
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catalase negative
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no bubble formation after drop of H2O2
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selective media
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allows certain organisms to grow and inhibits other organisms
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differential media
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distinguishes between different types of bacteria based on some characteristic of the bacteria that is growing on it. Typically there is a color change that results from certain bacterial metabolic products reacting with substances or chemicals that have been added to the media
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cytochrome oxidase
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reduction of oxygen at the end of electron transport chain
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oxidase positive
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blue color change around border of colonies
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oxidase negative
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no color change media doesnt take on reagent
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fermintation results in
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acid production
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peptone
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support growth of the bacteria if carbohydrate cant be utilized
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phenol red
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pH indicator that turns from red to yellow to indicate acid production
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durham tube
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inverted tube to collect gas tht is formed
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carbohydrate positive
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yellow color change with or without gas production
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carbohydrate negative
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no color change
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end product in fermentation
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acid
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mr-vp media
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contains peptone, glucose and buffer.
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methyl red
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used to identify bacteria tht produce stable acid end products by means of mixed acid fermentation of glucose.
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methyl red positive
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red color change
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methyl red negative
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no color change
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voges-proskauer
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test determines the ability of the organism to produce acetoin as an end product of fermentation
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vp positive
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red color change indicating acetoin production
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vp negative
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the reagent turns the media darker yellow
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KOH is used as reagent to test
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for acetoin production
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starch hydrolysis
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amylase breakdown polysaccharide into glucose
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starch hydrolysis test
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drops of grams iodine onto media
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starch positive
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clear halo around colonies
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starch negative
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entire medium dark blue
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nitrate media
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media contains peptone and beef extract potassium nitrate. neutral color
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reagent for nitrate
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PABA
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nitrate positive
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red-orange color change after PABA
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nitrate negative
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no color change after addition of PABA
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H2S production media and what H2S tests for
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Iron pepton agar (PIA) and test for production of hydrogen sulfide
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some organisms have an enzyme tht liberate H2S and when liberated
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H2S combines with iron in the PIA to form iron sulfide
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iron sulfide is manifested as
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black precipitate
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H2S positive
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growth with blk precipitate
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H2S negative
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growth with no blk precipitate
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enzymes
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lower activation energy of rxns
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citrate agar tests for
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ability of organisms to utilize citrate as the sole carbon source.
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in citrate utilization certain bacteria carry enzymes they are
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citrase or citrase permease
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bromothymol blue
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detects pH change from conversion of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to ammonia and ammonium hydroxide.
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citrate medium carbon source
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sodium citrate
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citrate medium nitrogen source
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ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
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citrate media color
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green
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citrate positive
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blue color change
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citrate negative
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no color change
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indole is component of
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tryptophan
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indole production tests for
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presence of tryptophanase
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tryptophanase does wat
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breaks down tryptophan into indole, ammonia, and pyruvic acid
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reagent for indole test
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kovacs reagent
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indole positive
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media turns blue
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indole negative
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turns greyish color
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urea hydrolysis test
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look for enzyme urease
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urease does wat
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breaks down urea to form 2mol ammonia
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urea media contains
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urea, pH indicator phenol red
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byproduct of urease
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ammonia
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urea negative
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peach color
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urea positive
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pink color
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phenylalanine deamination tests for
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presence of phenylalanine deaminase
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amino acid phenylalanine is converted to
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phenylpyruvic acid (reagent)
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phenylpyruvic acid is detectable using wat reagent?
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FeCl3
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phenylalanine positive
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dark green color
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phenylalanine negative
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no color change
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when positive phenylalanine metabolizes to
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phenylpyruvic acid
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Bile esculin agar
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BEA- differential and selective media brownish color
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if bacteria can survive in the presence of bile they can
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hydrolyze esculin
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BEA selective because
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inhibit certain gram positive bacteria to grow
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BEA differential because
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hydrolysis of esculin forms dark brown or blk color change
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BEA positive
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growth of bacteria with color change of media to blk
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if BEA positive then
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bacteria was able to hydrolyze esculin and survive in bile salts
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BEA negative
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growth/no growth without color change
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if BEA negative then
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bacteria was unable to hydrolyze esculin or unable to grow in presence of bile
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mannitol salt agar
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is used to isolate gram positive organisms
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MSA selective because
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inhibits the growth of anything but gram positive
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MSA differential because
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if fermentation of mannitol occurs then color turns to yellow
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MSA positive
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growth with color change from red to yellow
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MSA negative
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growth/no growth no color change
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if MSA negative then
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bacteria was unable to tolerate high salt or unable to ferment mannitol
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EMB agar
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differential media used to identify and isolate gram negative rods
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EMB selective for
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inhibiting growth of gram positive organisms
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EMB differential for
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lactose and non-lactose fermenting organisms
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EMB has two indicator dyes
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eosin and methylene blue
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lactose fermenters form colonies with
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dark centers and clear borders
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non lactose fermenters form
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colorless colonies
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EMB positive
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growth of bacteria with dark centers
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EMB negative
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growth/no growth of bacteria no color change
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MAC agar
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identification of lactose fermenting organisms
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MAC selective for
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inhibiting growth of gram positive organisms
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MAC differential for
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colonies tht can ferment lactose change color of media
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MAC positive
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growth of bacteria with color change to pink
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MAC negative
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growth/no growth of bacteria with no color change
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virulence factors
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properties that help microbes cause disease
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hemolysis
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breakdown red blood cells
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coagulase
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is the ability to clot the plasma
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heat shock
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opens the pores
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plasmids
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extra chromosomal elements in some bacteria
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beta lactamase
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enzyme that destroys the antibiotic
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exoenzyme
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an enzyme that acts outside of the cell that secretes it
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