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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do coliforms ferment?
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lactose with acid/gas production within 48 hrs at 35 degrees C
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Describe coliforms
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aerobic/facultative anaerobes
gram negative rod shaped bacteria |
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what technique allows coliforms to be detected?
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multiple tube technique
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microbes in food contamination are evaluated for what?
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coliforms
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how do you determine if coliforms are present in foods?
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standard plate count
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most bad bacteria on our skin are...
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gram positive halophiles that thrive in low ph, dry and salty conditions
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What type of bacteria causes acne?
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Propionibacteria
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What does Propionibacteria produce from glucose?
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lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid
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What type of bacteria is the most common cause of staph infections of the skin?
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S.aureus
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Furnucles and carbuncles are caused by what?
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inflammation of the hair follicles
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What causes Staphylococcal Scalded Skin syndrome?
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toxins released by S.aureus
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What is the only type of staph that will ferment mannitol?
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S.aureus
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Is Staph catalase + or -?
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catalase +
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Is Strep catalase + or -?
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catalse -
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what does the coagulase enzyme cause?
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causes activation of the human blood clotting system
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what does coagulase + look like?
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gel like
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what does coagulase - look like?
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runny
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Is S.aureus coagulase + or -?
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coagulase +
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Is S.epidermis coagulase + or -?
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coagulase -
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What type of agar is BHI?
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an enrichment medium commonly used for isolation of fungi and bacteria
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what parts of the body makes up the upper respiratory tract?
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nose and throat
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what is the most common disease of the upper respiratory tract?
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pharyngitis
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what parts of the body make up the lower respiratory tract?
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larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and alveoli
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what is the most common disease of the lower respiratory tract?
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pneumonia
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What is the specific name of Strep throat?
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Streptococcal pharyngitis
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How to identify strep species?
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catalase negative, hemolysis of blood agar, antibiotic sensitivity/resistance to optochin and bacitracin
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What is Mitis-Salvarius agar looking for?
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strep species
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Is S.pneumonia resistant or sensitive to Optochin?
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sensitive
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Is S.pyogenes resistant or sensitive to Bacitracin?
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sensitive
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What is the easiest way to test for MRSA?
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use a kirby bauer disk, put methicillin on it if LARGE MIC, small zib=MRSA
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what makes the stomach so acidic?
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hcl produced by the stomach
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how much bacteria can be present in one gram of feces?
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10^11
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what do bacteria in our gut make for us?
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vitamin K and folic acid
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what does the large intestine consist primarily of?
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anaerobes
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most fecal contamination is associated with what?
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gram negative facultative anaerobes
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what way do we test for gastrointestinal problems in the upper GI tract?
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biopsy
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what way do we test for GI problems in the lower GI tract?
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stool, rectal swab, or blood cultures
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stool requires:
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selective and differential media
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Salmonella, shigella species may require:
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enrichment media
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A urinary infection is only considered when greater than ___ bacteria of a particular species or ___ coliforms per mL of urine sampled
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1. 1000
2. 100 |
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what is cystitis?
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inflammation of the urinary bladder
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what is urethritis?
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inflammation of the urethra
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what is pyleonephritis?
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inflammation of the kidneys
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how much bacteria indicates a UTI?
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more than 10^5 bacteria/mL
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what are lichens?
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grow together (symbiosis) between fungi and algae or fungi and cyanobacteria
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what are fungal diseases called?
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mycoses
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what are cutaneous mycoses?
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fungi that have keratinase which degrades keratin on skin, nails and hair
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what are systemic mycoses?
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spreads throughout the body
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what are examples of pathogenic fungi?
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ringworm, athletes foot
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what causes systemic mycoses?
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soil fungi or fungi you inhale
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what is histoplasmosis?
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fungal systemic infection that starts in lungs and later spreads through blood to most organs
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what is coccidiomycosis?
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fungal systemic infection that resembles tuberculosis
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what causes subcutaneous mycoses?
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saprophytic fungi that live in soil or on vegetation. can spread to lymph vessels
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where are superficial mycoses prevalent?
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tropical climates
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What is aspergillosis?
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an opportunistic mycoses caused by inhalation of aspergillus spores
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What is candidiasis?
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an opportunistic mycoses caused by Candida albicans.
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what does penicillin look like on a slide?
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purple
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what color is rhizopus on a slide?
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red
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what color is aspergillis on a slide?
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green
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what does the lichen slide look like?
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purple blob
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what does aspergillis niger plate look like?
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yellow with lots of black dots and white patches
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what does saccharomyces cerevigiae plate look like?
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light yellow smear
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what does penicillium chrysogenum plate look like?
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dark yellow with thick white growth
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