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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Starch Agar Detect
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Exoenzyme Amylase
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What does Amylase do
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Breaks down starch to glucose which is then taken by cell
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What goes on starch agar plate after growth
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Flood with iodine - iodine binds to starch producing a dark blue to black color (does not bind to glucose)
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What is a positive Starch Agar Result
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Zone of Clearing around growth if stach has been used.
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DNAse Agar contains
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free DNA
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What does DNAse look for
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exonuclease enzyme
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What is exonuclease enzyme
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enzyme that breakes down DNA into free nucleotides that the cell can then take up
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What is the indicator in DNAse
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Methyl Green
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What does a positive DNAse test look like
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Zone of clearing around the areas of growth
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When is methyl green green
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When bound to DNA
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What does Skim Milk Agar test for
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Organisms's ability to release exoenzyme casease
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What does casease do
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breaks down milk protein (casein) in the Skim Milk agar plates
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What does a Positive Skim Milk Agar
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If casein is broken down into amino acids (peptoniation) a clear zone will be visible
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What does Mannitol Salt Agar test for
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Halotolerant organisms ie staphylococci and micrococci
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What makes Mannitol Salt Agar Selective
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7.5 % NaCl
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What makes Mannitol Salt Agar Differential
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Use of mannitol (sugar alcohol by changing the phenol red indicator from red to yellow as pH drops
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What does a salt resistant manitol look like
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Agar will be yellow
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What does Eosin Methylene Blue Aga test for
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Gram Negative Organisms and those that ferment lactose and sucrose
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Why is Eosin Methylene Blue Selective
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Only looks fro Gram Negative Organisms
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Why is Eosin Methylene Blue Differential
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Separates Gram Negative organisms into those that ferment lactose and sucrose from those that cannot
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What colors do fermenters show in the Eosin Methylene Blue Agar test
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Range from pink, red, dark purple or even black with a metallic green sheen as fermentation increases
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What is Blood Agar
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Differential media which separates organisms based on hemolytic ability
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What is hemolytic ability
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ability to breakdown red blood cells
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What are organisms that can completely lyse red blood cells called (Blood Agar)
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B-hemolytic - Leave a clear zone around colonies
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What are organisms that can partially lyse red blood cells called (Blood Agar)
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a-hemolytic leave greenish zone around colonies
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What are organisms that show no hemolysis called (Blood Agar)
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Y-hemolytic
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How does Pseudomonas isolation Agar detect Pseudomonas
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Phenolic compound Triclosan
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What does a positive Pseudomonas Agar look like
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Growth will be green/blue and sometimes flouresce under UV light
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How is Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar (PEA) selective
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Prevents growth of Gram Negative Bacteria (E. aerogenes) allows Gram Positive organisms (B. subtilis, E.faecalis) to grow
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What is a characteristic of Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar (PEA)
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Rose odor
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What is the indicator ins Sugar (Carbohydrate) Broths
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Phenol Red for acid production
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What happens to the Phenol Red if an organism can ferment a sugar (Sugar Broth)
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medium becomes acidic and the Phenol Red changes from red to yellow.
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What is a Durham Tube that is inside the Phenol Red Broth Tube
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If organism produces gas (CO2) bubbles will appear in tube
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What does the Catalase Test determine
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Whether or not an organism produces the enzyme catalase (peroxidase)
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What can organsims that produce catalase do
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detoxify certain reactive oxygen species including peroxide
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Catalases and Superoxide Dismutases are vital to what organisms
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Aerobic
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A positive Catalase test
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Bubbles when peroxide is added to the agar
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What is Citrate Use Test
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Part of IMViC Series for differentiating among the Enterobacteriaceae.
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What type of media is used for the Citrate Use Test
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Simmons citrate slant is normally a light forest green color
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What is the indicator for Citrate Use test
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Bromthymol blue
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What does a positive Citrate test look like
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The color will change from green to blue
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What is the citrate test good for
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separate the fecal coliforms (negative) fromthe non fecal coliforms (positive)
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What does Deaminase (Phenylalanine) Test for
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Ability of an organsim to deaminate the amino-acid phenylalanie to form phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) and ammonia
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What organisms are positive in the Deaminase (Phenylalanine) Test
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Proteus, Providencia and Morganella
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What is the indicator for Deaminiase (Phenylalanine) Test
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10 to 15 drops of Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) added to the slant
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What is a positive indicator in the Deaminase (Phenylalanine) Test
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change to an avacado green color
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What does the Indole Test - Test for
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IMViC Series - production of typtophan (tryptophanase enzyme)
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What does the Indole Test - Test for
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IMViC Series - production of typtophan (tryptophanase enzyme)
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What media is used for Indole Test
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SIM
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What media is used for Indole Test
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SIM
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What is reagent is added for the Indole Test
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10 Drops of Kovac's Reagent
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UreaWhat does a positive Indole test look like
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Kovac's will change from a yellow color to a bright red color (ring at the tope of tube)
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What is reagent is added for the Indole Test
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10 Drops of Kovac's Reagent
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What media is used for Sulfate Reduction
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Sim test is done along with Indole test
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UreaWhat does a positive Indole test look like
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Kovac's will change from a yellow color to a bright red color (ring at the tope of tube)
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What is a positive Sulfate Reduction
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A black precipitate indicates sulfate has been reduced by cystein desulfurase to hydrogen sulfide then combined withiron to make insoluble iron sulfide
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What media is used for Sulfate Reduction
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Sim test is done along with Indole test
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What media is used for the Urea Hydrolysis test
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Urea Broth
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What is a positive Sulfate Reduction
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A black precipitate indicates sulfate has been reduced by cystein desulfurase to hydrogen sulfide then combined withiron to make insoluble iron sulfide
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What does the Urea Hydrolysis test for
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Proteus species, Morganella and Providentia - organisms that produce urease enzyme
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What media is used for the Urea Hydrolysis test
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Urea Broth
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What reagent is added to the Urea Broth for Urea Hydrolysis
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Phenol Red
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What does the Urea Hydrolysis test for
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Proteus species, Morganella and Providentia - organisms that produce urease enzyme
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What is a Positive for Urea Hydrolysis
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Phenol Red goes from light orange to hot pink
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What reagent is added to the Urea Broth for Urea Hydrolysis
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Phenol Red
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What is a Positive for Urea Hydrolysis
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Phenol Red goes from light orange to hot pink
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How does Urea Hydrolysis test work
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Phenol Red is added to the Urea Broth urease enzyme will break down urea to ammonia and CO2
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What is the Methyl Red test--MR-VP
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Part of the IMViC Series- test for mixed acid fermentation
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What media is used for the Methyl Red Test
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MR-VP glucose broth
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How is the Methyl Red test preformed
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4 drops of Methyl Red are added to the MRVP Culture
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What is a positive Methyl Red Test
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Red color is positive for production of a mixed acid fermentation. Yellow or orange is negative
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What is mixxed acid fermentation
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is an anaerobic fermentation where the products are a complex mixture of acids, particularly lactate, acetate, succinate and formate as well as ethanol and equal amounts of H2 and CO2. It is characteristic for members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.[
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What is Voges-Proskauer Test
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Measures the production of acetoin during tthe neutral metabolism of pyruvatte to butylene glycole
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What media is used for Voges-Proskauer Test
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MR-VP glucose broth
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What reagent is added for the Voges-Proskauer Test
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15 Drops Barritts A and 5 drops of Barritts B (KOH) let sit for 20 to 60 min open tube
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What is a positive Voges-Proskauer Test
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Red ring at the top of tube
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What is the Nitrate Reduction test
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4 possible results for Nitrate in the broth
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What are the 4 posible results for Nitrate Reduction
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NO3 to N2 (gas)
NO3 to NO2 (nitrate) NO3 to NH3 (ammonia) No Nitrate |
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What is a positive NO3 to N2 (gas) Test
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Gas in the Durham Tube (non-fermenters)
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What is a positive NO3 to NO2 (Nitrate)
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4 drops each of Nitrate A and B ---- Red color is positive
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If no nitrate is present then NO3 to NH3
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add zinc powder- no color change = positive for ammonia
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What is the Oxidase Test
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for aerobic organisms that use cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome c) in their respiratory chains
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What reagent is added
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tetramethyl-p-phynylenediamine
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What organisms are id with the Oxidase Test
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Moraxella Neisseria Pseudomonas and Aeromonas
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What is a positive Oxidase Test
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Dark blue or violet color 20 seconds after reagent is added
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What are Cultural Characteristics
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Describe Colony Growth
Physical Characteristics (Shape, margin & elevation) Color appearance (shiny or Dull) texture, size im mm |
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What is Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
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used to key of known species of bacteria. Dichotomous keys are sued to show final identificaiton
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What are the Keys of Bergey's Manual based on
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physical and biochemical characteristics
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How can Antibiotic Sensittivity be deteremined
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by disk diffusion or broth dilution test
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What is the Kirby - Bauer test
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disk diffusion
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What media is used for the Kirby Bauer Test
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Mueller Hinton Agar
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How is Kirby - Bauer preformed
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antibiotic saturated filter paper disk are placed onto agar after spreading a test organisms over the surface of the media
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How is sensitivity id in the Kirby-Bauer test
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after incubation zones of inhibition are measured in mm and sensitivities are determined from known charts
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Resistance to antibiotics can be traced to what factors
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Wall type, efflux pumps, dissimilatory metabolic pathways, resistance (R) plasmids
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What are agglutination test
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tests where an antigen is reacted with an antibody that binds to that antigen
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