Micro - Into To Immune - Exam 1

Front 1

What are the roles of the immune system?

Back 1

Defense against infections

The immune system recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins and altered self proteins

Defense against tumors

Front 2

Who developed a successful vaccination against small pox using cow pox in 1789?

Back 2

Edward Jenner

Front 3

In 1980 WHO announced that this disease was the first disease that had been eradicated worldwide by a program of vaccination

Back 3

Smallpox

Front 4

Initial defense

Phylogenetically the oldest, co-evolved with microbes

Always present and ready to attack

No memory, many pathogens have evolved to resist this

Back 4

Innate immunity

Front 5

Develops later

Appeared first in jawed vertebrates

Stimulated on exposure to microbe, more potent

Memory for future encounters by same pathogens

Back 5

Adaptive immunity

Front 6

Epithelial barriers, phagocytes, compliments and NK cells are all a part of what type of immunity?

Back 6

Innate immunity

Front 7

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Antibodies, and effector T cells are all a part of what type of immunity?

Back 7

Adaptive immunity

Front 8

Initial response to microbes, essential early mechanism to prevent, control or eliminate infection

Back 8

Innate immunity

Front 9

Initial response to injured tissues and dead cells, critical for repair and wound healing

Back 9

Innate immunity

Front 10

This has a limited response to inflammation and antiviral states

Back 10

Innate immunity

Front 11

Does innate immunity stimulate adaptive immunity?

Back 11

yes

Front 12

Components of this, which is present at birth, participate in prevention of infection and inflammation

Back 12

Innate immunity

Front 13

Barriers, circulating effector cells ans circulating effector proteins are components of what?

Back 13

Innate immunity

Front 14

Epithelial layers, defensins (peptide antibodies) and intraepithelial lymphocytes that are used to prevent microbe entry and used for microbe killing make up what?

Back 14

Barriers of innate immunity

Front 15

What cells are the first responders of the immune system?

Back 15

Neutrophils

Front 16

Neutrophils, mast cells, platelets, endothelial cells, macrophages, dendrictic cells, and NK cells that function for early phagocytosis and killing of microbes, secretion of cytokines that stimulate inflammation, lysis of infected cells and activation of macrophages are all part of what?

Back 16

Circulating effector cells of the innate immune system

Front 17

Complements (cytokines IL1, TNF, Chemokines IL8, MPC1), Marnose-binding lectin, C-reactive protein, and coagulation factors function to kill microbes, opsonization of microbes, activation of leukocytes, activation of compliment and walling off of infected tissues are all part of what?

Back 17

Circulating effector proteins of innate immunity

Front 18

Structures that are shared by various classes of microbes but are not present on host cells

Back 18

Pathogen associated molecular patterns - PAMPs

Front 19

This often targets molecules that are essential for survival or infectivity of microbes to prevent escape of mutants

Back 19

Innate immunity

Front 20

Structures found in/pn stressed, dying or damaged host cells

Back 20

Damage associated molecular patterns - DAMPs

Front 21

In innate immunity, what is recognized?

Back 21

PAMPs and DAMPs

Front 22

What are the danger sensing molecules of innate immunity?

Back 22

PAMPs and DAMPs

Front 23

Surface or cytosolic ________ recognize structures that are characteristic of microbial pathogens/altered self and are present on mammalian cells. They are expressed by macrophages, monocytes, dendrictic cells, neutrophils, B cells and epithelial cells.

Back 23

Pattern recognition receptors - PRRs

Front 24

dsRNA, LPS, Unmethylated CpG mucleotides, N-formylmethionyl peptides, Mannose-rich glycans, and phosphorylcholine are all types of what?

Back 24

PAMPs

Front 25

Toll like receptors, N-formylmethionyl peptide receptors, macrophage mannose receptors, plasma mannose-binding lectin and plasma C-reacctive protein are all examples of what?

Back 25

PRR's

Front 26

Where can PRRs like TLR and NODs be found?

Back 26

Surface, endosomal, or in the cytoplasm

Front 27

Which TRLs are on the surface?

Back 27

TLR - 1,2,6,4 & 5

Front 28

Which TLRs are endosomal?

Back 28

TLR - 3, 7, 8, 9

Front 29

Which NODs are cytoplasmic sensors?

Back 29

NOD - 1,2, and RIG-1

Front 30

Which TLRs are the most important bcasue the sense Gram + and Gram - bacteria? Where are they found?

Back 30

TLR 2 and 4

On the surface

Front 31

Which NOD is associate with Chrone's disease? Where is it found?

Back 31

NOD 2, cytoplasmic sensor, bind to peptidoglycans from Gram + bacteria

Front 32

Which PRR is associated with Hep C?

Back 32

RIG-1 binds to HCV RNA

Front 33

Surface TLRs that sense bacterial cell walls and molecules

Back 33

TLR 1,2,6

Front 34

Surface TLR that binds to peptidoglycans of Gram + bacteria

Back 34

TLR 2

Front 35

Surface TLR that binds to LPSS of Gram - bacteria

Back 35

TLR 4

Front 36

Surface TLR that binds to flaggellin of various bacteria

Back 36

TLR 5

Front 37

Endosomal TLR that binds to viral ds-RNA

Back 37

TLR 3

Front 38

Endosomal TLR that binds to ss-viral RNA

Back 38

TLR 7 and TLR 8

Front 39

Endosomal TLR that binds to bacterial unmethylated cpg DNA and viral DNA

Back 39

TLR 9

Front 40

Cytoplasmic sensor that binds to bacterial peptidoglycans from Gram - bacteria

Back 40

NOD 1

Front 41

Cytoplasmic sensor that binds to peptidoglycans from Gram + bacteria

Back 41

NOD 2

Front 42

Cytoplasmic viral sensor that binds to HCV RNA

Back 42

RIG-1

Front 43

All of these activate similar signaling pathways on recognition of microbial ligands: Activation of transcription factors result in expression of genes for cytokine/chemokine production

Back 43

TLRs

Front 44

These are produced by all cells of the body, communication signals

Back 44

Cytokines and chemokines

Front 45

Used for cytokine production, activates adheasion molecules

Back 45

NFkB

Front 46

A Type 1 interferon that blocks viral replication

Back 46

IRF-3