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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what percentage of deaths is due to infectious disease and what are 2 ex of respiratory diseases that kill?
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25% of deaths
acute respiratory infection (pneumonia, influenza) and Tb respiratory tract most common site of infection by pathogens b/c of exposure |
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what are 3 components of the host defense system against respiratory infections?
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mucociliary lining of nose
adenoids and tonsils (URT) mucus and cilia of LRT (ciliary elevator) |
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what are 2 defenses that have to be evaded for resp tract infection?
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avoid physical defenses (mucus of URT)
if deposited in LRT, avoid phagocytosis or survive, mult in phagocyte |
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pathogenic mxn to initiate resp tract disease (4)
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1. adherence (ex: M proteins and hemagglutinins)
2. extracellular toxins 3. intracellular growth (viruses) 4. evade host defenses (capsules) |
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examples of URI (5)
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common cold
pharyngitis tonsilitis sinusitis otitis media |
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airway infections (6)
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diphtheria
whooping cough laryngo-tracheo bronchitis (croup): acute viral infection in kids influenza (little nasal discharge v. common cold) bronchitis bronchiolitis (terminal bronchioles) |
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ex of LRI (3)
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pneumonia
bronchopneumonia pulmonary Tb |
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what are most resp tract infections caused by? which type of infection is more serious?
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MOST are viral (common cold, 90% pharyngitis, croup, bronchitis)
bacterial are more serious (pneumonia) b/c viral are self-limiting |
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viral causes of pharyngitis (4)
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adenovirus
HSV coxsackieviruses epstein-barr virus |
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bacterial causes of pharyngitis (3)
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strep pyogenes
corynebacterium diphtheriae neisseria gonorrhea (rare) |
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viral causes of the common cold (6)
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rhinovirus
coronavirus adenovirus myxovirus echovirus coxsackie virus |
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bacterial causes of common cold (2)
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mycoplasma pneumonia
chlamydophila pneumonia |
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causes of sinusitis (3)
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strep pneumonia
haemophilus influenza moraxella catarrhalis |
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bacterial causes of otitis media (3)
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same as sinusitis:
strep pneumonia haemophilus influenza moraxella catarrhalis |
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viral causes of otitis media (2)
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respiratory syncytial virus
rhinovirus |
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cause of diphtheria
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corynebacterium diphtheria
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cause of whooping cough
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bordetella pertussis
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cause of epiglottitis
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Haemophilus influenza
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causes of croup (2)
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parainfluenza viruses
respiratory syncytial virus |
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what is the largest component of our normal flora? some examples?
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bacteria: streptococci, staphylococci, lactobacilli, bacteroides, corynebacteria, actinomyces, mycoplasmas
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are normal flora considered pathogens?
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NO! but if they get to diff sites they can be opportunistic pathogens
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what are some examples of normal flora that are potential pathogens? (10)
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staph aureus
strep mutans, pneumonia, pyogenes enterococcus fecalis neisseria meningitidis e coli pseudomonas aerunginosa haemophilus influenza clostridium |
