Micro Ii: Infectious Disease And Epidemiology

Front 1

why is epidemiology important?

Back 1

ID cause of disease, risk factors, treatment, prevention
describe clinical pattern of disease

Front 2

sensitivity

Back 2

how often a test gives us pos result for infected ppl
TP/(TP+FN)

Front 3

when do you get a lot of false negatives?

Back 3

with a low sensitivity test; (high specificity test?)

Front 4

specificity

Back 4

how often a test gives a neg result for uninfected ppl
TN/(TN+FP)

Front 5

a test with low specificity would result in a lot of ___?

Back 5

false positives

Front 6

what is the incubation period?

Back 6

time b/w exposure and onset of sx

Front 7

how can pt history and incubation period help narrow down the cause of disease?

Back 7

knowing the incubation period can help eliminate toxin (ex: food poisoning) if the onset wasnt for a week after exposure

Front 8

what is the prodromal period?

Back 8

early in infection; not feeling well
ex: malaise, anorexia, sore throat (not really disease yet)

Front 9

what is the difference b/w signs and symptoms?

Back 9

signs are measurable (fever, urticaria, swollen lymph nodes etc; something the physician can observe)
symptoms: subjective (malaise, soreness, headache, nausea)

Front 10

what is a syndrome?

Back 10

a group of s/s associated with disease state
ex: pharyngitis (syndrome-can be caused by many organisms) vs. measles (disease)

Front 11

transmission routes (8)

Back 11

1.person to person
2.airborne
3.waterborne
4.food
5.vector
parenteral(prick-mosquito or 6.needle)
7.fomites (inanimate obj)
8.zoonoses

Front 12

what types of tranmission can occur via respiratory droplets?

Back 12

person to person
airborne

Front 13

what type of transmission can occur vis insects?

Back 13

vector-borne
parenteral

Front 14

what's another name for the primary case?

Back 14

index case
indiv(s) who bring disease to population

Front 15

cahracteristics of a point-source outbreak

Back 15

all exposed at once
sudden occurence of cases
short incubation time
all cases within one incubation period
outbreak stops (unless secondary spread)
day/case curve has steep slope
ex: contaminated food, water

Front 16

characteristics of propagated outbreaks

Back 16

person-to-person; often respiratory transmission (ex: chicken pox)
2ndary cases appear one incubation period after peak of first wave
successive waves get taller (more ppl infected)

Front 17

define primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies; which is the best?

Back 17

primary: BEST PREVENTION STRATEGY; prevent occurrence of disease (ex:vaccines)
secondary: cure, block spread, slow progress
tertiary: limit disability, provide rehab (ex: botulism antitoxin)

Front 18

what are some examples of tools for disease intervention? (6)

Back 18

1. public education (1 or 2)
2. vaccines (active immunization; 1 or 2)
3. IG (passive immunization; 2)
4. prophylactic antibodies (for asx ppl who were exposed)
5. vector control (1)
6. quarantine (2)

Front 19

what are some examples of diseases that need to be immediately reported?

Back 19

outbreaks, exotic illnesses
ex: anthrax, botulism, pertussis, polio, bacterial meningitis

Front 20

diseases reported within a day?

Back 20

brucellosis
HAV
TB

Front 21

diseases reported weekly?

Back 21

AIDS
chickenpox
hantavirus
mumps