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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why are fungi and parasites harder to target with antimicrobial agents?
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because they are eukaryotic, there is a greater chance of side effects due to damage to our own cells in addition to the microorganism.
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sterilization vs. disinfection
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sterilization: eliminates ALL viable microorganisms (including viruses)
disinfection: destroys vegetative PATHOGENS (not endospores) |
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what is the benefit of a disinfectant? where would you use it?
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reduces infectious dose present on inanimate objects; antiseptic used on animate objects
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what are the 2 methods of action of antibacterial agents?
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bacteriostatic: prevents GROWTH of bacteria
bactericidal: DESTROYS bacteria (some destroy endospores) |
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what is the problem with bactericidal agents?
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maybe deleterious to host; lysis of bacteria (ex: G-) may release harmful components (ex: LPS) which can cause problematic side effects (ex: endotoxic shock)
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what is the benefit of bacteriostatic agents?
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maybe be sufficient for some microorganisms without causing harm to host; maybe be successful diminishing disease b/c many disease states dep on infectious dose
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modes of action for sterilzation and disinfection
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denature proteins
dessication alkylation-fix tissue oxidation solubilization (lipids) disrupt nucleic acids |
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what are ex. of dry and moist heat used in antimicrobials?
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dry-flame
moist-autoclave both can sterilize |
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when would you want to use filtration as a sterilization technique? what is its success based on?
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good for bacteria; harder to sterilize for viruses
depends on pore size and affinity for nucleic acids |
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what is an ex. of a halogen and what can it do?
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clorine (bleach)
destroys nucleic acid |
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what are quartenary ammonium compounds (QUATS)?
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detergents used for antimicrobials
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what are 3 factors that affect microbial control?
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1.nature of microorganism
2.number of microorg starting with 3.concentration of antimicrobial agent |
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how does the nature of the microorg affect its control?
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dep on sensitivity of the microorg to the agent and the agent's mxn of control
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what are 3 factors in determining the concentration of the antimicrobial agent?
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1. dosage: safe intial concentration; how often given
2. half-life: how quickly is it excreted from the body? (also det. freq of dose) 3. absorption: target tissue (ex: CNS and BBB) |
