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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acute viral hepatitis cause systemic infection with most of the pathology isolated to the ______
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liver
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Acute viral hepatitis infection can be asymptomatic OR ____ ; acute OR chronic
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fatal
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Acute viral hepatitis transmitted either through _____ or through ________ contamination (depending on virus)
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blood
fecal-oral |
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Hepatitis A virus(HAV)is ____
spread via _____ transmission |
+ssRNA
fecal-oral |
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Hep A virus replicates in hepatocytes, released into bile and enters stool
large quantities of virus released before symptoms of _________ (damage to liver and release of liver enzymes) |
jaundice
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most of HAV pathology related to immune response.
virus is _______ |
non-cytolytic
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HAV is not associated with chronic infection
~40% of all cases of _______ hepatitis |
acute
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Diagnosis of HAV is ________
ELISA detecting anti-HAV ____ |
serological testing
IgM |
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HAV is sometimes _______ to identify initial source (because symptoms don’t appear for a couple weeks)
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difficult
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Prevention/Treatment of HAV:
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-avoid uncooked shellfish
-immune serum globulin (gamma-globulin) vaccine |
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HAV is from the the _________ family
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Picornaviridae
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is also called ______ hepatitis
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“Serum”
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HBV is of the ______ family
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Hepadnaviridae
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HBV is enveloped, circular, partially _______
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dsDNA virus
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HBV produces a _________ (replicates via an RNA-intermediate)
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reverse transcriptase
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HBV viral genome surrounded by the hepatitis B core antigens (___&___) which is surrounded by the envelope that has the hepatitis B surface antigen (____)
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HBcAg & HBeAg
HBsAg |
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complete HBV virus called the _______
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Dane particle
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HBV viral genome can _____ into host chromosome
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integrate
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HBV non-infectious particles may be antigenic ______
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“decoys”
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depending on patients immune response, HBV can be:
_______or _____ _______or _____ |
acute or chronic
asymptomatic or symptomatic |
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detection of ______ = active infection
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HBsAg, HBeAg
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HBV infectious virus is found primarily in ______. but can be in saliva, semen, milk, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid
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blood
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after HBVinfection, symptoms may take ___ months to show
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1-2
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HBV symptoms due to ______ immune response
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cell mediated
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HBcAg is a prominent ______
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T cell epitope
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~25% of people infected with HBV will be ________
~90% will ________ 1% develop ______ (more severe liver symptoms (bleeding, ascites)) remainder develop ________ |
symptomatic
resolve infection fulminant hepatitis chronic infection |
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HBV chronic infection identified by _____ for longer than 6 months
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HBsAg
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30% of those with HBV chronic infection will have _________
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chronic active hepatitis
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HBV chronic infection may progress to __________
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primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC)
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~70% of those with HBV chronic infection will have ________ (“passive” hepatitis, carriers with few symptoms)
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chronic persistent hepatitis
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HBV diagnosis
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1) clinical symptoms + elevated liver enzymes
2) identification of HBsAg & HBeAg in blood (produced/secreted during viral replication) 3) IgM antibodies against HBcAg is best for detecting recent/ongoing acute infection 4) chronic infection detected by presence of HBeAg & HBsAg and often a lack of antibodies against these proteins (can see Abs to HBcAg) |
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is of the _______ family
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Hepacivirus (Flaviviridae)
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped, _____ virus
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+ssRNA
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HCV interrupts _________ via cytokines (TNFa; IFNa) and CTLs = survival of infected cell; persistent infection
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apoptotic signals
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread primarily via ________
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IVDU; sexual contact
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many cases of HCV become ____
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chronic
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long term immunologic/inflammatory damage in HCV may be the major factor in _________
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PHC (hepatocellular carcinoma)
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acute hepatitis with resolution/recovery _____
of cases of HCV |
~15%
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chronic persistent infection, pathology later in life ~70% of cases of HCV.
Initial infection is mostly asymptomatic later, _______ is a common symptom often progresses to cirrhosis and/or liver failure after 20 years PHC in 5% of chronically infected individuals |
chronic fatigue
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in HCV, severe rapid progression to cirrhosis ____
of cases |
~15%
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV)diagnosis
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ELISA for anti-HCV antibodies
detection of HCV RNA (PCR) |
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Early HCV = ______
late stage HCV =_____ |
liver fibrosis
cirrhosis |
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Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a “defective” virus
in that it needs ____ to replicate (by useing HBsAG) |
HBV
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HDV causes ______ in 40% of people infected with HDV.
It is _____ in ~80% of those with fulminant disease |
fulminant hepatitis
fatal |
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HDV is a circular _____ virus.
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(-) ssRNA
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transmission of HDV is similar to that of _____ via blood, semen, vaginal secretions
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HBV
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HDV causes ______ of liver cells
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cytolysis
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_______ against HBV prevents HDV!
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vaccination
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is of the family ______
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Hepeviridae
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HEV is ______ hepatitis
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water-borne
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HEV is similar to HAV - no ________
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chronic disease
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HEV is a _____(similar to HAV)
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+ssRNA
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_______ currently being used for HEV
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no vaccine
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