Micro-Gi

Front 1

Virulence factors for H. pylori?

Back 1

Urease
Acid Inhibitory Protein
Flagella
Adhesins
Mucinase
SOD/catalase
VacA
Nuetrophil Activating Protein (NAP)
CagA: immunogenic

Front 2

4 viral infections of GI?

Back 2

rotavirus(reovirus)
norwalk virus (calcivirus)
Enteric adenovirus
Astrovirus

Front 3

who does rotavirus A affect?

Back 3

Infants

Front 4

who does rotavirus B affect?

Back 4

Infants, children, Adults

Front 5

How does S. aureus cause food poisoning?

Back 5

heat stable ENTEROTOXIN with at least 6 different serotypes. The toxin induces peristalsis and diarrhea as well as stimulating the vomit reflex.

Front 6

How long does it take S. aureus enterotoxin symptoms to manifest?

Back 6

1-6 hours, self limiting in 1-2 days

Front 7

How does B. cereus cause food poisoning?

Back 7

Through one of 2 EXOTOXINS, an emetic type found in rice and a diarrheal type found in meats.

Front 8

heat labile B. cereus toxin?

Back 8

diarrheal type (inc cAMP, 24 hr incubation, profuse diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramps)

Front 9

heat stable B. cereus toxin?

Back 9

emetic type (similar to S. aureus enterotoxin, quick onset)

Front 10

What causes botulism?

Back 10

botulinum toxin, a neurotoxic exotoxin. It prevents the release of ACH and results in flaccid paralysis.

Front 11

Most common form of botulism?

Back 11

Infant botulism, baby b/n 1-8 months eats honey with spores in it

Front 12

How do you treat botulism?

Back 12

Assisted respiration most important, PENECILLIN (not in infants) and ANTITOXIN(horse) (not in infants)

Front 13

What causes gas gangrene?

Back 13

C. perfringens, found in meat dishes, soup, gravy.

Front 14

How do Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli (ETEC) cause disease?

Back 14

2 enterotoxins

heat-labile LT toxin (ADPR transferase)

heat-stable ST toxin (guanyl cyclasse

Front 15

How do Enterohemorrhagic strains of E. coli (EHEC) cause disease?

Back 15

cytotoxic hemolysins

Front 16

What are the virulence factors of E. coli?

Back 16

Adhesins, fimbria, pili
Enterotoxins (ST and LT toxin, ETEC)
Cytotoxic hemolysins (EHEC)
Capsule
TYPE III secretion system
Endotoxin

Front 17

curved Gram - rod

Back 17

Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus

Front 18

How does V. cholera cause disease?

Back 18

Cholera Toxin (AB toxin, ADPR transferase, increase in cAMP leads to excessive fluid loss)

Front 19

Where is the initial site of infection for V. cholera?

Back 19

Ileum

Front 20

Dx V. cholera?

Back 20

curved gram - rod, oidase +, motile

Front 21

Disease caused by V. parahemolyticus?

Back 21

Ingestion of raw/undercooked seafood-->severe watery diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting as well as abdominal cramps and fever....lasts 3 days.

Front 22

Man with AIDS eats seafood on Gulf Coast and rapidly dies from septicemia.

Back 22

V. vulnificus, more commonly as cellulitis in shellfish handlers.

Front 23

Causes pseudomembranous colitis?

Back 23

C. difficile toxins, namely 2:
Toxin A: enterotoxin (fluid secretion/hemorrhagic necrosis)
Toxin B: cytotoxin (dec protein synthesis)

Front 24

Virulence factors for Salmonella.

Back 24

Endotoxin
Vi antigen (capsular antigen)
Invasins
Type III secretion system

Front 25

3 diseases caused by Salmonella infection.

Back 25

Typhoid fever
Enterocolitis
Bacteremia w/focal lesions

Front 26

How do you get Typhoid fever?

Back 26

Ingestion of water contaminated with S. typhii fomites from feces.

Front 27

Pathogenesis of Typhoid Fever

Back 27

First week: multiplies in Peyer's Patches and causes fever, malaise, body aches and constipation. Disseminates to lymph and blood.

Second week: high fever, ROSE SPOTS, DIARRHEA BEGINS

Third week: diarrhe, bloody stoos

Front 28

Common cause of Salmonella associated enterocolitis?

Back 28

Eating contaminated poultry products.
S. typhimurium
S. enteritidis

Front 29

Dx Salmonella?

Back 29

Gram - rod, lactose NON-fermenter, H2S positive, motile

Front 30

What is the Widal test?

Back 30

agglutination test for Salmonella Ab. (must see rise in titer)

Front 31

What specimens are required to Dx Salmonella infection?

Back 31

Enterocolitis: stool sample
Typhoid Fever:
1st week = blood
2nd week = blood, stool
3rd week = stool
4th week = urine

Front 32

Acute diarrhea disease with mucousy, bloody stools and tenesmus.

Back 32

bacillary dysentary from Shigella

Front 33

Virulence factors of Shigella

Back 33

shiga-toxin (heat-labile exotoxin, inhibits protein synthesis)
Invasive plasmid Ag's
Type III secretion system

Front 34

Dx Shigella?

Back 34

gram - rod, lactose NON-fermenter, H2S -, non-motile

Front 35

Pathogenesis of dysentery.

Back 35

Requires very few Shigella bacteria to cause infection

Starts in small intestine (3-4 d)-->lower colon (3-4 wks)

Penetrates epithelium and mucosa, see SHALLOW, CRATER-LIKE ULCERS

Front 36

Differentiate severe shigella infection from moderate infection?

Back 36

severe is characterized by frequent, mucoid, bloody stools and tenesmus

mod has diarrhea for first 2-3 days followed by low volume stools and is self limiting

Front 37

Dx campylobacter jejuni infection?

Back 37

curved gram - rod, oxidase positive

grow at 42 degrees C

to distinguish from V. cholera, cholera has watery, voluminous stools, this has foul-smelling diarrhea followed by bloody stools (it's invasive)

Front 38

colonies of lactose fermenters will show up what color on MacConkey's agar?

Back 38

pink/red

(non-fermenters will be colorless/white)

Front 39

Scotch tape test?

Back 39

Enterobius vernicularis

Front 40

See football shaped eggs in feces?

Back 40

Trichuris trichuria

Front 41

Eggs get to lungs, are swallowed and cause perforations in GI tract.

Back 41

Ascaris lumbroides

Front 42

Goes through lungs, swallowed, sucks blood and causes Fe def anemia.

Back 42

Necator americansus

Front 43

Can cause elephentiasis?

Back 43

Wucheria bancrofti

Front 44

River blindness?

Back 44

Onchocerca volvulus

Front 45

Drink water, get ulcer, take worm out with stick?

Back 45

Druncunculus mediensis

Front 46

Eat pork, get diarrhea...later get muscle paralysis.

Back 46

Trichinosis

Front 47

Parasite that lives in blood, lays eggs, eggs cause problems.

Back 47

Schistomes = blood fluke

Front 48

Has hooks and scolex, to attach to inestinal wall?

Back 48

Cestodes (tapeworm)

Front 49

Huge tapeworm after eating beef?

Back 49

Taenia saginata

Front 50

Huge tapeworm after eating pork?

Back 50

Taenia solium

Front 51

Forms fluid filled cysts of hyatid sand in the liver?

Back 51

Echincoccus granulosus (dog is host)

Front 52

Huge tapeworm after eating undercooked fish?

Back 52

Diphyllobothrium lattum