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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who typically gets cryptococcosis
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immunocompramised (AIDS or Lymphoma)
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where do you typically find Cryptococcus in the US
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Pacific NW
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what are the natural reservoirs for Cryptococcus
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soil and Bird droppings
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How do you get cryptococcosis and what is the progression of the disease
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touching or inhaling dessicated yeast cells
starts as a skin or pulmonary infection and results in meningoencephalitis |
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cryptococcus serotypes and pathogenicity factors
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neoformans- A-D, A most freq
gatti- B & C capsule Diphenol oxidase (Laccase)- forms melanin |
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what are the disseminated manifestations of Cryptococcal infections
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Meningitis
Cryptococcoma skin lesions (lung, asympt to cavitation) |
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diagnosis of cryptococcal infections
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india ink
SDA, PDA, or CGB (blue=gatti) capsule Ag in CSF or serum vi latex agglu |
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treatment of Cryptococcal infections
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Amphotericine B + flucytosine
AIDS pts- lifelong fluconazole tx |
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what is the third cause of foodborne death in the US
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Toxoplasma gondii
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who is susceptible to T. gondii infections
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immunocomprimised
newly infected, pregnant mothers |
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what are the 2 forms of T. gondii
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trophozoite (Tachy- prolif, brady-slow)
cyst |
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what are the infective stages of T. gondii
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Oocyst in feces
cyst in tissue (zoitocyst) |
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manefestations of congenital cases of T. gondii
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results in blindness, epilepsy, developmental issues
traid of sympt- chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications |
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post natal manefestations of T. gondii
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fever
myalgia blurred vision |
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transmission of T. gondii
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zoitocyst in food
Oocyst in feces congenital- torph or oocyst blood/xplant |
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diagnosis of T. gondii
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ELISA for IgG/M in preg women
PCR of amniotic fluid parasites in CSF |
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treatment of T. gondii
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Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
lifelong in AIDS pts |
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what is Naegleria fowleri
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environmental protozoan
soil and fresh water |
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what is the severity of a Naegleria fowleri infection
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4 survivors out of 200 cases reported
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what are the 2 morph forms of Naegleria fowleri
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cyst
tropozoite |
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what is the infective stage for Naegleria fowleri
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flagellated trophozoite
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what is the course of progression for Naegleria fowleri
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enters through nose
travels along olfactory n. eats brain tissue |
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what are the results of a Naegleria fowleri infection
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PAM- primary acute meningioencephalitis
death in 2 days to 2weeks 2ndry sympt include hallucinations (asside from reg meningitis sympt) |
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where do you find Naegleria fowleri
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fresh water in southern states
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how do you diagnose Naegleria fowleri
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CSF findings
wet mounts clearing zones on E. coli covered agar |
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what is the DOC for Naegleria fowleri
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amphoteracin B
rifampin miconazole all in combo |
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what are the causative org for acanthamoebiasis
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A. castellani
A. culbertsoni |
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what is the infective stage for acanthamoeba
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spiked trophozoite
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what is the manifestation for granulomatous amoebic meningioencephalitis (acanthamoeba)
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inhalation of cysts or wound infection
hematogenous spread to brain death in 7 to 120 days Sx= meningitis + flu 100% mortality |
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what is the presentation for ocular acanthamoebiasis
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trauma + cysts
corneal ulceration and intense pain blurred vision |
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what is the third kind acanthamoebiasis
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disseminated disease
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what % of people have serum Ab to acanthamoeba
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50-100%
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where do you find acanthamoeba
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soil and contact lens solution
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who gets acanthamoeba
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immunocompramised
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how do you diagnose acanthamoeba
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cysts and trophozoites in tissue sections
corneal scrapings- kerititis GAE- post mortem brain scrapings |
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what is the treatment for acanthamoeba Kerititis
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oral itraconazole and topical miconazole 3 weeks to 1 year
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what treatment worked for 2 recent cases of GAE
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ketoconazole, rifampin, and TMP-SMX
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where was Balamuthia mandrillaris first identified
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mandrill baboon in SD wild animal park in 86
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what does Balamuthia mandrillaris cause
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GAE
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what is the infectious form of Balamuthia mandrillaris
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both the trophozoite and the cyst
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how does Balamuthia mandrillaris infect humans
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inhalation of cysts or wound contamination
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what are the sympt for Balamuthia mandrillaris infection
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•Facial paralysis
•Difficulty swallowing •Seizures •Paralysis •Double vision |
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what is the B. mandrillaris Epidemiology
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Infects HEALTHY people (98% mortality)
soil org of southern states and latin america |
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what can replicate within B. mandrillaris
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L. monocytogenes
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how do you diagnose B. mandrillaris
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cysts or trophozoites in tissue
must co-culture with primate cells |
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what is the DOC for B. mandrillaris
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fluconazole, sulfadiazine, and pentamidine-2 weeks
•Then azithromycin for at least 3 weeks |
